KU BIOL 600 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND FULLY
CORRECT ANSWERS
Scientists discovered a new animal species with nerve cells physiologically
similar to nerve cells found in other animals. The membrane potential when
only sodium ions can move across the membrane was measured at +116 mV.
What is the sodium concentration outside the nerve cell if the sodium
concentration inside the cell is 1 mM?
a) 1 M
b) 0.232 M
c) 0.116 M
d) 0.58 M
e) 0.1 M - ANSWER 0.1 M
All of the following are true statements about the action potential EXCEPT:
a) Opening of the voltage-gated Na-channels will move the membrane potential
to the equilibrium potential of Na.
b) Opening of voltage-gated K-channels will move the membrane potential to
the equilibrium potential of K.
c) The Hodgkin cycle causes the fast change in membrane potential during the
rising phase of the action potential.
d) The falling phase of the AP is mainly due to the movement of K+ ions.
e) Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-channels. -
ANSWER Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-
channels.
Which chemical binds to the nicotinic ACh receptor?
a) muscarine
b) atropine
c) norepinephrine
d) glutamate
e) curare - ANSWER curare
The period of excitability of neuron during which both Na+ and K+ activation
can occur is called the
,a) interphase period.
b) relative refractory period.
c) absolute refractory period.
d) hyperexcitable period.
e) latent period - ANSWER relative refractory period
Excitation of the rod cell by blue light results in the production of an action
potential in the connected bipolar cell - ANSWER false
The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose is
a) substrate-level phosphorylation.
b) oxidative phosphorylation.
c) anaerobic glycolysis.
d) aerobic glycolysis.
e) Krebs (citric acid) cycle. - ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation
Stimulation of a hair cell results in changes in the hair cell membrane such as
a) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
b) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels.
c) answers a and b.
d) none of the above. - ANSWER none, elevated Ca2+ levels stimulate the
neurotransmitter release at the glutamatergic synapses
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) To maintain a constant internal environment
b) To anticipate changes in the environment
c) To return a variable toward the set point
d) To bring about a rapid change in the body - ANSWER To bring about a
rapid change in the body
You are designing a drug. You would like to deliver the drug by creating a skin
patch that contains the drug and allows the drug to diffuse through the layers of
the skin to reach the underlying tissues and bloodstream. Which of these
chemical changes might you make to increase the number of drug molecules
that diffuse through the layers of skin cells?
a) Increasing the number of nitrogen atoms in the drug
b) Decreasing the number of nonpolar groups in the drug
c) Decreasing the number of polar groups in the drug
, d) Increasing the number of oxygen atoms in the drug - ANSWER Decreasing
the number of polar groups in the drug
What category do hair cells in the organ of Corti belong to?
a) Mechanoreceptors
b) Chemoreceptors
c) Nociceptors
d) Photoreceptors
e) Proprioceptors - ANSWER Mechanoreceptors
What comes first in the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?
a) fusion.
b) priming.
c) docking.
d) opening of K+ channels - ANSWER docking.
A complete lesion (destruction) of the left lateral geniculate nucleus produces
which one of the following visual field defects?
a) loss of lateral inhibition
b) loss of the left visual field
c) loss of both left and right visual field
d) loss of color vision.
e) none of the above - ANSWER E
13. The optic nerve is composed of axons from which of the following retinal
cell types?
a) bipolar
b) ganglion
c) amacrine
d) horizontal
e) answers a and b - ANSWER b) ganglion
14. The physiological explanation for our ability to differentiate among sounds
of different pitches (frequencies) is because
a) hair cells respond to high pitch sound by moving into one direction and to
low pitch by moving into the opposite direction.
b) the basilar membrane depolarizes and hyperpolarizes at multiple locations
depending on pitch.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Scientists discovered a new animal species with nerve cells physiologically
similar to nerve cells found in other animals. The membrane potential when
only sodium ions can move across the membrane was measured at +116 mV.
What is the sodium concentration outside the nerve cell if the sodium
concentration inside the cell is 1 mM?
a) 1 M
b) 0.232 M
c) 0.116 M
d) 0.58 M
e) 0.1 M - ANSWER 0.1 M
All of the following are true statements about the action potential EXCEPT:
a) Opening of the voltage-gated Na-channels will move the membrane potential
to the equilibrium potential of Na.
b) Opening of voltage-gated K-channels will move the membrane potential to
the equilibrium potential of K.
c) The Hodgkin cycle causes the fast change in membrane potential during the
rising phase of the action potential.
d) The falling phase of the AP is mainly due to the movement of K+ ions.
e) Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-channels. -
ANSWER Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-
channels.
Which chemical binds to the nicotinic ACh receptor?
a) muscarine
b) atropine
c) norepinephrine
d) glutamate
e) curare - ANSWER curare
The period of excitability of neuron during which both Na+ and K+ activation
can occur is called the
,a) interphase period.
b) relative refractory period.
c) absolute refractory period.
d) hyperexcitable period.
e) latent period - ANSWER relative refractory period
Excitation of the rod cell by blue light results in the production of an action
potential in the connected bipolar cell - ANSWER false
The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose is
a) substrate-level phosphorylation.
b) oxidative phosphorylation.
c) anaerobic glycolysis.
d) aerobic glycolysis.
e) Krebs (citric acid) cycle. - ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation
Stimulation of a hair cell results in changes in the hair cell membrane such as
a) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
b) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels.
c) answers a and b.
d) none of the above. - ANSWER none, elevated Ca2+ levels stimulate the
neurotransmitter release at the glutamatergic synapses
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) To maintain a constant internal environment
b) To anticipate changes in the environment
c) To return a variable toward the set point
d) To bring about a rapid change in the body - ANSWER To bring about a
rapid change in the body
You are designing a drug. You would like to deliver the drug by creating a skin
patch that contains the drug and allows the drug to diffuse through the layers of
the skin to reach the underlying tissues and bloodstream. Which of these
chemical changes might you make to increase the number of drug molecules
that diffuse through the layers of skin cells?
a) Increasing the number of nitrogen atoms in the drug
b) Decreasing the number of nonpolar groups in the drug
c) Decreasing the number of polar groups in the drug
, d) Increasing the number of oxygen atoms in the drug - ANSWER Decreasing
the number of polar groups in the drug
What category do hair cells in the organ of Corti belong to?
a) Mechanoreceptors
b) Chemoreceptors
c) Nociceptors
d) Photoreceptors
e) Proprioceptors - ANSWER Mechanoreceptors
What comes first in the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?
a) fusion.
b) priming.
c) docking.
d) opening of K+ channels - ANSWER docking.
A complete lesion (destruction) of the left lateral geniculate nucleus produces
which one of the following visual field defects?
a) loss of lateral inhibition
b) loss of the left visual field
c) loss of both left and right visual field
d) loss of color vision.
e) none of the above - ANSWER E
13. The optic nerve is composed of axons from which of the following retinal
cell types?
a) bipolar
b) ganglion
c) amacrine
d) horizontal
e) answers a and b - ANSWER b) ganglion
14. The physiological explanation for our ability to differentiate among sounds
of different pitches (frequencies) is because
a) hair cells respond to high pitch sound by moving into one direction and to
low pitch by moving into the opposite direction.
b) the basilar membrane depolarizes and hyperpolarizes at multiple locations
depending on pitch.
