CARDIAC NCLEX STUDY MATERIAL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

CARDIAC NCLEX STUDY MATERIAL WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
coronary artery disease (CAD)


fatty build up of plaque in the vessels which restrict blood flow to the heart muscle walls,

Symptoms include

Short of breath,

chest pain,

angina,

TIA.



Surgical Treatment:

PTCA- Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

PTCA-Stent.

Carotid Endarterectomy.



Medical Treatment:

Anti platelets,

vasodilators-nitrates,

statins,

beta blockers,

ACE,

Modifiable risk factors

,collateral vessels


blood vessels that enlarge or newly form to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood.

(Band-Aid)


CAD modifiable risk factors:



non-modifiable risk factors:


modifiable risk factors:

Smoking (Second hand smoke education),

Hypertension,

High Cholesterol,

Diabetes (Type 2),

Weight,

Diet,

Physical Activity



non-modifiable risk factors:

Age,

gender,

family history,

diabetes mellitus (Type 1)

, HDL:

LDL:

Triglycerides:

Cholesterol:


HDL: >40.

LDL: <100.

Triglyceride: <150.

Cholesterol: <200.


Stable Angina (Chest pain) characteristics


Predictable,

Associated with physical activity,

<5min (Acute),

Sub sternal,

can radiate to left shoulder (Mimic MI).



treatment:

Rest,



Nitro:

Take BEFORE activity,

Call EMS if pain NOT relieved 5min after FIRST dose,