Final Exam Statistics Questions With Accurate Answers.
-there is no difference among the groups in study
-focal point of statistical analysis - accurate answers-null hypothesis
t/f the null is easier to disprove than to prove an alternative hypothesis. -
accurate answers-true
Researchers set out to disprove the ____ hypothesis in favor of the alternative
hypothesis. - accurate answers-null
when you disprove the null hypothesis, you prove the... - accurate answers-
alternative hypothesis
There is a statistically important relationship between 2 variables - accurate
answers-alternative hypothesis
helps reject or accept the null hypothesis.
represents the probability/likelihood that the null is true - accurate answers-
p-value
the higher the p-value, the stronger evidence that you should ______ the null
hypothesis - accurate answers-accept
the smaller the p-value, the stronger evidence that you should ________ the null
hypothesis - accurate answers-reject
p-value is expressed as a percentage in decimal form t/f - accurate answers-
true
Null should be rejected when p-value is less than? - accurate answers-5%
or .05
When are p-values considered statistically significant? - accurate answers-
<.05
ex: <.05= significant
p<.01= highly significant
p<.001= very highly significant
Wrongfully rejected null hypothesis
, ex: Claimed there was a change but there was none. - accurate answers-Type I
Error: False Positive
white strips made teeth significantly whiter than whitening toothpaste. (data
showed results were the same) what type of error is this? - accurate answers-
type I = false positive
wrongfully accepted null.
claimed there was no change, but there actually was. - accurate answers-type
II error =false negative
PI reduction of 3% can be statistically significant with p-value of .05, but not
clinically significant. - accurate answers-statistically significant
probe depth reduction of .25mm after 2 years may be statistically significant
difference, but this has minimal value to out patients clinically - accurate
answers-clinically significant
provides the range of values to encompass the true value.
-expressed as a percentage - accurate answers-confidence interval
95% confidence interval states that? - accurate answers-95% of the
population will fall into the samples results.
*higher confidence interval the better*
confidence interval is derived from? - accurate answers-standard error
Variablility in the sample mean, represents how accurately the sample mean
represents the population mean - accurate answers-standard error
usually, population sizes are too large that a researcher cannot examine the
entire group, therefore a sample is selected to represent the population in a
research study. - accurate answers-sample size (n)
the sum of all values divided by the number of values in the data set - accurate
answers-mean: average
the middle score of the data set organized from smallest to largest - accurate
answers-median: middle
-there is no difference among the groups in study
-focal point of statistical analysis - accurate answers-null hypothesis
t/f the null is easier to disprove than to prove an alternative hypothesis. -
accurate answers-true
Researchers set out to disprove the ____ hypothesis in favor of the alternative
hypothesis. - accurate answers-null
when you disprove the null hypothesis, you prove the... - accurate answers-
alternative hypothesis
There is a statistically important relationship between 2 variables - accurate
answers-alternative hypothesis
helps reject or accept the null hypothesis.
represents the probability/likelihood that the null is true - accurate answers-
p-value
the higher the p-value, the stronger evidence that you should ______ the null
hypothesis - accurate answers-accept
the smaller the p-value, the stronger evidence that you should ________ the null
hypothesis - accurate answers-reject
p-value is expressed as a percentage in decimal form t/f - accurate answers-
true
Null should be rejected when p-value is less than? - accurate answers-5%
or .05
When are p-values considered statistically significant? - accurate answers-
<.05
ex: <.05= significant
p<.01= highly significant
p<.001= very highly significant
Wrongfully rejected null hypothesis
, ex: Claimed there was a change but there was none. - accurate answers-Type I
Error: False Positive
white strips made teeth significantly whiter than whitening toothpaste. (data
showed results were the same) what type of error is this? - accurate answers-
type I = false positive
wrongfully accepted null.
claimed there was no change, but there actually was. - accurate answers-type
II error =false negative
PI reduction of 3% can be statistically significant with p-value of .05, but not
clinically significant. - accurate answers-statistically significant
probe depth reduction of .25mm after 2 years may be statistically significant
difference, but this has minimal value to out patients clinically - accurate
answers-clinically significant
provides the range of values to encompass the true value.
-expressed as a percentage - accurate answers-confidence interval
95% confidence interval states that? - accurate answers-95% of the
population will fall into the samples results.
*higher confidence interval the better*
confidence interval is derived from? - accurate answers-standard error
Variablility in the sample mean, represents how accurately the sample mean
represents the population mean - accurate answers-standard error
usually, population sizes are too large that a researcher cannot examine the
entire group, therefore a sample is selected to represent the population in a
research study. - accurate answers-sample size (n)
the sum of all values divided by the number of values in the data set - accurate
answers-mean: average
the middle score of the data set organized from smallest to largest - accurate
answers-median: middle
