BSC 108 Final - Kennedy
___ ________________
Can be used to _________ the DNA fragments obtained from different sources. The DNA
fragments are visualized as "_____" on the gel.
The bands of different DNA samples can then be compared. - ANS-gel electrophoresis,
separate, bands.
____ is defined as a person's genetic makeup - ANS-genotype
____ is defined as an organism's expresses physical traits - ANS-Phenotype
_______ ______
Allows expectant parents to test for possibilities in their unborn child
Includes _____________ and ___
Has ____ associated with it - ANS-genetic testing, amniocentesis, CVS, risks
2 types of aquatic biomes - ANS-fresh water and salt water
3 types of adaptations that enable organisms to adjust to changes in their environment -
ANS-behavioral, physiological and structural
A _____ is used to determine the genotype of an unknown animal - ANS-testcross
A couple has two female children. What is the probability of their next child to be female? -
ANS-50%
Despite the fact that every cell in your body has a complex DNA sequence, different types
of cells form because different genes are turned on and off in each type of cell. animals
defense against predators - ANS-cryptic coloration, warning coloration, mimicry, or escape
Based on forensic DNA evidence, who committed the crime? - ANS-suspect 2 has matching
DNA (the lines are the same)
biological pyramid - ANS-quantitative ways of representing relationships between organisms
in an ecosystem, built up from bars stacked one above another
Blood Type is an example of - ANS-Multiple Allele and Codominance
Can somatic cell mutations be passed to the next generation? Can mutation in sperm and
egg cells be passed to the next generation? - ANS-No. Somatic cell mutations cannot be
passed on.
Color blindness is an example of... - ANS-an X-linked gene
community - ANS-all of the organisms inhabiting a particular area
Describe 5 types of evidence of evolution - ANS-fossils, biogeography comparative
anatomy, comparative biology, and molecular biology
Describe the carbon cycle - ANS-It is the circulation and transformation of carbon back and
forth between living things and the environment. Carbon is an element, something that
cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. We breathe out CO2 and plants absorb
CO2.
Describe the carbon cycle. - ANS-Carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from
respiration and combustion. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by producers to make
carbohydrates in photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by producers to make carbs in
photosynthesis. Decomposing organisms consume dead organisms and release carbon
dioxide from their bodies back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide after feeding on the
plant's carbon compounds. They will then turn in to fossil fuels.
, Describe the process of descent with modification using an example - ANS-Traits are
passed from generation to generation and sometimes undergo changes that modify over
time. Dark skin colors and light skin colors as migration patterns increase. Descent with
modification has three concepts: genes mutate, individuals are selected and populations
evolve. These traits are passed from generation to generation.
Describe the process of natural selection using an example. - ANS-This process allows
organisms more adapted to the environment to survive and produce more offspring.
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule - ANS-It is a double helix structure, like a ladder
with two parallel sides and rungs. The phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides
and the bases would be the rungs.
Describe the water cycle. - ANS-It is the process by which water circulates between the
earth's oceans, atmosphere and land involving precipitation as rain and snow, drainage in
streams and rivers and return to the atmosphere by evaporation and transportation. It
includes evaporation, condensation, sublimation, precipitation, transportation, runoff and
infiltration.
Describe the water cycles - ANS-water and air move in a global pattern. Precipitation and
evaporation continuously move water between land, oceans and atmosphere. Water
evaporates from plants which pulls it from the soil in transpiration.
Different forms of the same gene are referred to as - ANS-Alleles
DNA fingerprinting is also used in _____________ ________
To study _______ pieces of DNA, such as that of Cheddar Man.
A direct ancestor of a local schoolteacher. - ANS-evolutionary research, ancient
growth rate - ANS-the rate at which a population grows; the percent that it increases
HIV requires an enzyme called _____ to convert its RNA genome into a DNA version. -
ANS-reverse transcriptase
Homozygous - ANS-When an organism has identical/ same alleles for a gene
How do frame shift mutations occur? - ANS-Frameshift mutations are more likely to occur in
a region of repeat sequence. When DNA mismatch repair does not fix the addition or
deletion of bases so they're more likely to be pathogenic.
How do new viruses arise? - ANS-mutation of existing virus or spread to new host species
How do you produce an F1 generation? - ANS-By crossing the parents
How do you produce an F2 generation? - ANS-By allowing the F1 generation to interbreed -
grandchildren of P generation
how much energy is available to the next level in a biological pyramid? - ANS-5% - 20%
how much sunlight energy is captured by producers? - ANS-less than 1%
If a person has two copies of a gene that are different they are said to be _____ -
ANS-Heterozygous
In a pedigree, what does a circle represent? - ANS-female
In a pedigree, what does a square represent? - ANS-male
In the human free earlobes are dominant over attached earlobes. What are the possible
genotypes of the offspring from a cross between parents that are Ee and ee? - ANS-Ee, ee
macroevolution - ANS-evolutionary change above the species level, including the origin of
evolutionary novelty and new taxonomic groups and the impact of mass extinctions on the
diversity of life and its subsequent recovery
microevolution - ANS-a population's gene pool over a succession of generations;
evolutionary changes in a species over a relatively brief period of geologic time
mutation - ANS-a permanent change in genetic formation
___ ________________
Can be used to _________ the DNA fragments obtained from different sources. The DNA
fragments are visualized as "_____" on the gel.
The bands of different DNA samples can then be compared. - ANS-gel electrophoresis,
separate, bands.
____ is defined as a person's genetic makeup - ANS-genotype
____ is defined as an organism's expresses physical traits - ANS-Phenotype
_______ ______
Allows expectant parents to test for possibilities in their unborn child
Includes _____________ and ___
Has ____ associated with it - ANS-genetic testing, amniocentesis, CVS, risks
2 types of aquatic biomes - ANS-fresh water and salt water
3 types of adaptations that enable organisms to adjust to changes in their environment -
ANS-behavioral, physiological and structural
A _____ is used to determine the genotype of an unknown animal - ANS-testcross
A couple has two female children. What is the probability of their next child to be female? -
ANS-50%
Despite the fact that every cell in your body has a complex DNA sequence, different types
of cells form because different genes are turned on and off in each type of cell. animals
defense against predators - ANS-cryptic coloration, warning coloration, mimicry, or escape
Based on forensic DNA evidence, who committed the crime? - ANS-suspect 2 has matching
DNA (the lines are the same)
biological pyramid - ANS-quantitative ways of representing relationships between organisms
in an ecosystem, built up from bars stacked one above another
Blood Type is an example of - ANS-Multiple Allele and Codominance
Can somatic cell mutations be passed to the next generation? Can mutation in sperm and
egg cells be passed to the next generation? - ANS-No. Somatic cell mutations cannot be
passed on.
Color blindness is an example of... - ANS-an X-linked gene
community - ANS-all of the organisms inhabiting a particular area
Describe 5 types of evidence of evolution - ANS-fossils, biogeography comparative
anatomy, comparative biology, and molecular biology
Describe the carbon cycle - ANS-It is the circulation and transformation of carbon back and
forth between living things and the environment. Carbon is an element, something that
cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. We breathe out CO2 and plants absorb
CO2.
Describe the carbon cycle. - ANS-Carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from
respiration and combustion. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by producers to make
carbohydrates in photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by producers to make carbs in
photosynthesis. Decomposing organisms consume dead organisms and release carbon
dioxide from their bodies back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide after feeding on the
plant's carbon compounds. They will then turn in to fossil fuels.
, Describe the process of descent with modification using an example - ANS-Traits are
passed from generation to generation and sometimes undergo changes that modify over
time. Dark skin colors and light skin colors as migration patterns increase. Descent with
modification has three concepts: genes mutate, individuals are selected and populations
evolve. These traits are passed from generation to generation.
Describe the process of natural selection using an example. - ANS-This process allows
organisms more adapted to the environment to survive and produce more offspring.
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule - ANS-It is a double helix structure, like a ladder
with two parallel sides and rungs. The phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides
and the bases would be the rungs.
Describe the water cycle. - ANS-It is the process by which water circulates between the
earth's oceans, atmosphere and land involving precipitation as rain and snow, drainage in
streams and rivers and return to the atmosphere by evaporation and transportation. It
includes evaporation, condensation, sublimation, precipitation, transportation, runoff and
infiltration.
Describe the water cycles - ANS-water and air move in a global pattern. Precipitation and
evaporation continuously move water between land, oceans and atmosphere. Water
evaporates from plants which pulls it from the soil in transpiration.
Different forms of the same gene are referred to as - ANS-Alleles
DNA fingerprinting is also used in _____________ ________
To study _______ pieces of DNA, such as that of Cheddar Man.
A direct ancestor of a local schoolteacher. - ANS-evolutionary research, ancient
growth rate - ANS-the rate at which a population grows; the percent that it increases
HIV requires an enzyme called _____ to convert its RNA genome into a DNA version. -
ANS-reverse transcriptase
Homozygous - ANS-When an organism has identical/ same alleles for a gene
How do frame shift mutations occur? - ANS-Frameshift mutations are more likely to occur in
a region of repeat sequence. When DNA mismatch repair does not fix the addition or
deletion of bases so they're more likely to be pathogenic.
How do new viruses arise? - ANS-mutation of existing virus or spread to new host species
How do you produce an F1 generation? - ANS-By crossing the parents
How do you produce an F2 generation? - ANS-By allowing the F1 generation to interbreed -
grandchildren of P generation
how much energy is available to the next level in a biological pyramid? - ANS-5% - 20%
how much sunlight energy is captured by producers? - ANS-less than 1%
If a person has two copies of a gene that are different they are said to be _____ -
ANS-Heterozygous
In a pedigree, what does a circle represent? - ANS-female
In a pedigree, what does a square represent? - ANS-male
In the human free earlobes are dominant over attached earlobes. What are the possible
genotypes of the offspring from a cross between parents that are Ee and ee? - ANS-Ee, ee
macroevolution - ANS-evolutionary change above the species level, including the origin of
evolutionary novelty and new taxonomic groups and the impact of mass extinctions on the
diversity of life and its subsequent recovery
microevolution - ANS-a population's gene pool over a succession of generations;
evolutionary changes in a species over a relatively brief period of geologic time
mutation - ANS-a permanent change in genetic formation
