BSC 108 Final Exam (Modules 9-12)
A DNA molecule contains ______ strands of DNA. - ANS-2
A point mutation can change a gene's ___________ - ANS-protein product
a species ecological niche includes.... - ANS-its habitat, role in the community, and
interactions with other species
DNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone that is covalently bonded to a nitrogen-containing
base. What does this mean? - ANS-it is made of a sugar called deoxyribose and a
phosphate group
DNA makes RNA through... - ANS-transcription
eating producers instead of consumers requires less..... - ANS-photosynthetic productivity
and reduces the impact of the environment
how does energy flow through an ecosystem? - ANS-when energy flows as organic matter
through the trophic levels of an ecosystem, much of it is lost at each link in the food chain
how have humans impacted the biodiversity on earth? - ANS-increase in human population
results in more people consuming resources and dumping pollutants into the biosphere
RNA makes protein through... - ANS-translation
These DNA strands are __________. - ANS-complementary
what are analogous structures? - ANS-similarities among living organisms that are due to
similar environmental pressures and natural selection
What are Darwin's observations? - ANS--observing the geographic distribution of species
like the Galapagos finches led to his ideas about adaptation to the environment and the
origin of new species
What are detritus feeders, detritivores/decomposers? - ANS-organisms that consume dead
organic matter
What are examples of genetic engineering that affects agriculture and medicine? - ANS-1.
genetically modified crops that are herbicide resistant or produce greater yield
-Corn has been genetically modified to resist the European Corn Border insect, which
attacks corn. -Golden Rice 2: a transgenic variety of rice that carries genes from daffodils
and corn with the goal of preventing vitamin A deficiency and resulting in blindness
2. Vaccines
3. Gene therapy
-A recombinant DNA procedure that seeks to treat disease by altering the genes of the
afflicted person by replacing or supplementing the mutant version of a gene with a properly
functioning one
what are fossils? - ANS-preserved remnants or impressions left by organisms that lived in
the past
What are homologous structures? - ANS-similarities among living organisms that are due to
a shared ancestry
what are other ways that new species form? - ANS-2 distinct gene pools emerge through
chromosomal changes due to.....errors in mitosis and meiosis, habitat differentiation, sexual
selection
, what are potential effects of a frameshift mutation? - ANS-it can result in abnormal protein
products with an incorrect amino acid sequence that can be longer or shorter than a normal
protein
what are primary consumers? - ANS-herbivores, which eat plants, algae and autotrophic
bacteria
what are secondary consumers? - ANS-carnivores that are many small mammals and small
fish that consume zooplankton
what are species? - ANS-a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals
capable to exchange genes or interbreeding
What are tertiary consumers? - ANS-ex: snakes that eat mice
what are the 2 main ideas of the The Origin of Species? - ANS--evolution explains life's
unity and diversity
-natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution
The three types of RNA are ANS-mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. what are the 3 types of
symbiosis? - ANS-mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
what are the 4 trophic levels? - ANS-producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers,
tertiary consumers
what are the common uses of DNA fingerprinting? - ANS-1. to determine whether 2 DNA
samples come from the same individual
2. helped exonerate hundreds of people who were innocent but wrongly convicted of crimes
What are the nitrogen-containing bases held to each other by? - ANS-hydrogen bonds
What are the nitrogen-containing bases? - ANS-Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
what are the steps of genetic engineering? - ANS-Scientists combine DNA from 2 sources
to form a single recombinant DNA molecule.
1. DNA isolated from 2 sources and cut by the same restriction enzyme
2. plasmid (vector) and gene of interest (which could be obtained from a library or
synthesized) are merged to form a recombinant DNA molecule
3. transgenic organism is created
what are ways species can interact in a community? - ANS-predation, competition,
parasitism, commensalism, mutualism
What do genes code for specific proteins with? - ANS-transcription and translation
What do these 2 DNA strands form? - ANS-a double helix
What does adenine pair with? - ANS-Thymine
What does cytosine pair with? - ANS-Guanine
What does DNA do? - ANS-stores genetic information which can be copied and passed
from generation to generation
What does DNA lead to? - ANS-specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins
What does DNA stand for? - ANS-deoxyribonucleic acid
what does natural selection do? - ANS-it can increase the adaptation of organisms to their
environment over time (ex: camouflage)
What does resource partitioning do? - ANS-can increase the chances of survival for species
who share a habitat by reducing competition for resources
what does the theory of natural selection say? - ANS-organisms......
-have variations
-struggle to exist
-differ in fitness
-that are more fit will successfully reproduce and pass on desirable variations
-and in this way organisms become adapted to their environments
A DNA molecule contains ______ strands of DNA. - ANS-2
A point mutation can change a gene's ___________ - ANS-protein product
a species ecological niche includes.... - ANS-its habitat, role in the community, and
interactions with other species
DNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone that is covalently bonded to a nitrogen-containing
base. What does this mean? - ANS-it is made of a sugar called deoxyribose and a
phosphate group
DNA makes RNA through... - ANS-transcription
eating producers instead of consumers requires less..... - ANS-photosynthetic productivity
and reduces the impact of the environment
how does energy flow through an ecosystem? - ANS-when energy flows as organic matter
through the trophic levels of an ecosystem, much of it is lost at each link in the food chain
how have humans impacted the biodiversity on earth? - ANS-increase in human population
results in more people consuming resources and dumping pollutants into the biosphere
RNA makes protein through... - ANS-translation
These DNA strands are __________. - ANS-complementary
what are analogous structures? - ANS-similarities among living organisms that are due to
similar environmental pressures and natural selection
What are Darwin's observations? - ANS--observing the geographic distribution of species
like the Galapagos finches led to his ideas about adaptation to the environment and the
origin of new species
What are detritus feeders, detritivores/decomposers? - ANS-organisms that consume dead
organic matter
What are examples of genetic engineering that affects agriculture and medicine? - ANS-1.
genetically modified crops that are herbicide resistant or produce greater yield
-Corn has been genetically modified to resist the European Corn Border insect, which
attacks corn. -Golden Rice 2: a transgenic variety of rice that carries genes from daffodils
and corn with the goal of preventing vitamin A deficiency and resulting in blindness
2. Vaccines
3. Gene therapy
-A recombinant DNA procedure that seeks to treat disease by altering the genes of the
afflicted person by replacing or supplementing the mutant version of a gene with a properly
functioning one
what are fossils? - ANS-preserved remnants or impressions left by organisms that lived in
the past
What are homologous structures? - ANS-similarities among living organisms that are due to
a shared ancestry
what are other ways that new species form? - ANS-2 distinct gene pools emerge through
chromosomal changes due to.....errors in mitosis and meiosis, habitat differentiation, sexual
selection
, what are potential effects of a frameshift mutation? - ANS-it can result in abnormal protein
products with an incorrect amino acid sequence that can be longer or shorter than a normal
protein
what are primary consumers? - ANS-herbivores, which eat plants, algae and autotrophic
bacteria
what are secondary consumers? - ANS-carnivores that are many small mammals and small
fish that consume zooplankton
what are species? - ANS-a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals
capable to exchange genes or interbreeding
What are tertiary consumers? - ANS-ex: snakes that eat mice
what are the 2 main ideas of the The Origin of Species? - ANS--evolution explains life's
unity and diversity
-natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution
The three types of RNA are ANS-mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. what are the 3 types of
symbiosis? - ANS-mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
what are the 4 trophic levels? - ANS-producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers,
tertiary consumers
what are the common uses of DNA fingerprinting? - ANS-1. to determine whether 2 DNA
samples come from the same individual
2. helped exonerate hundreds of people who were innocent but wrongly convicted of crimes
What are the nitrogen-containing bases held to each other by? - ANS-hydrogen bonds
What are the nitrogen-containing bases? - ANS-Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
what are the steps of genetic engineering? - ANS-Scientists combine DNA from 2 sources
to form a single recombinant DNA molecule.
1. DNA isolated from 2 sources and cut by the same restriction enzyme
2. plasmid (vector) and gene of interest (which could be obtained from a library or
synthesized) are merged to form a recombinant DNA molecule
3. transgenic organism is created
what are ways species can interact in a community? - ANS-predation, competition,
parasitism, commensalism, mutualism
What do genes code for specific proteins with? - ANS-transcription and translation
What do these 2 DNA strands form? - ANS-a double helix
What does adenine pair with? - ANS-Thymine
What does cytosine pair with? - ANS-Guanine
What does DNA do? - ANS-stores genetic information which can be copied and passed
from generation to generation
What does DNA lead to? - ANS-specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins
What does DNA stand for? - ANS-deoxyribonucleic acid
what does natural selection do? - ANS-it can increase the adaptation of organisms to their
environment over time (ex: camouflage)
What does resource partitioning do? - ANS-can increase the chances of survival for species
who share a habitat by reducing competition for resources
what does the theory of natural selection say? - ANS-organisms......
-have variations
-struggle to exist
-differ in fitness
-that are more fit will successfully reproduce and pass on desirable variations
-and in this way organisms become adapted to their environments
