BSC 108 Exam 3
____ is a single-stranded nucleic acid - ANS-RNA
____ makes ____ through transcription - ANS-DNA
RNA
____ makes ____ through translation - ANS-RNA
Protein
How many DNA strands are contained within a DNA molecule? What do these strands
create? This means that they are _____. - ANS-2
A double helix
Complementary
A point mutation can change a gene's _____ - ANS-Protein product
A species' ecological niche includes what? - ANS-Its habitat
Role in the community
Interactions with other species
Adenine always pairs with _____ - ANS-Thymine
An organism's DNA leads to specific traits by _____ - ANS-Dictating the synthesis of
proteins
Between trophic levels, energy is lost as ____ at _____ - ANS-Heat
Each transfer of energy and nutrients
Change in the DNA molecule causes _____ to be _____, and therefore different ____ to be
added to the ____ - ANS-Altered mRNA
Transcribed
Amino acids
Polypeptide Chain
Cytosine always pairs with _____ - ANS-Guanine
Darwin was influenced by the ideas of ____ of his peers ___ and ____ - ANS-Gradualism
Hutton
Lyell
Darwin's observations of the geographic distribution of species like the Galapagos finches
led to his ideas about what? - ANS-Adaptation to the environment and the origin of new
species
DNA has a ____ backbone covalently bonded to _____-containing bases -
ANS-Sugar-phosphate
Nitrogen
DNA is composed of ____ subunits. - ANS-Nucleotide
Environmental factors vary from _____ and _____. What is the significance of this? -
ANS-Place to place Time to time
A trait that is favored in one situation may not be favored in others
Food webs are typically not as simple as in an ______ - ANS-Unbranched food chain
Genes code for specific proteins via what 2 processes? - ANS-Transcription
Translation
, How can new species form without geographic isolation of two populations? - ANS-Two
distinct gene pools emerge through chromosomal changes due to errors in mitosis and
meiosis, habitat differentiation, or sexual selection
How can resource partitioning increase the chances of survival for species who share a
habitat? - ANS-By reducing competition for resources
How could a scientist genetically engineer an organism? - ANS-1. Recombinant DNA
plasmids are created when the DNA from the two sources is joined together. 2.
Recombinant plasmids are then mixed with bacteria. Under the right conditions, bacteria will
take up the recombinant plasmids
3. Each bacterium is allowed to reproduce via cell division to form a clone. As the bacteria
multiply, the foreign gene carried by the recombinant plasmid is also copied
4. The transgenic bacteria with the gene of interest can then be grown in large tanks,
producing the protein in marketable quantities
How does a molecule of DNA replicate? - ANS-One parent molecule that has two
complementary strands separates
Each strand is used as a template to make a new strand
Each of the two daughter molecules will be composed of one "old" (parent) strand and one
"new" strand
How does energy flow through an ecosystem? - ANS-It goes from the bottom up
(producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers)
Energy flows as organic matter through the trophic levels of an ecosystem
Much of it is lost at each link in the food chain
How does information flow in a cell? - ANS-From DNA to RNA to protein
Natural selection can amplify or diminish only ____ traits, not ___ traits - ANS-Heritable
Acquired
New species can form when _____ of two populations causes their gene pools to diverge -
ANS-Geographic isolation
RNA contains ____ instead of deoxyribose - ANS-Ribose
RNA contains ____ instead of thymine - ANS-Uracil
Selection by the environment for useful heritable traits can increase what? What is an
example of this? - ANS-The adaptation of organisms to their environment over time
Ex: Camouflage
Synthesis of two new complementary strands occurs in the _____ using the ____ as
templates - ANS-Replication bubble
Parent strands
The nitrogen-containing bases of the two strands are held to each other by ____ -
ANS-Hydrogen bonds
The replication bubbles merge as DNA replication progresses in both directions at the
______ - ANS-Replication forks
At the ANS-Origin of replication, the two parent strands separate. TRUE OR FALSE:
Individual organisms evolve over time - ANS-FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Populations evolve over time - ANS-TRUE
Two different species can evolve ____, but acquire the same traits as adaptations to similar
environments - ANS-Independently
What are 4 types of evidence that supports the theory of evolution? - ANS-Biogeographical
Enbryological
Fossils
DNA and biochemical evidence
____ is a single-stranded nucleic acid - ANS-RNA
____ makes ____ through transcription - ANS-DNA
RNA
____ makes ____ through translation - ANS-RNA
Protein
How many DNA strands are contained within a DNA molecule? What do these strands
create? This means that they are _____. - ANS-2
A double helix
Complementary
A point mutation can change a gene's _____ - ANS-Protein product
A species' ecological niche includes what? - ANS-Its habitat
Role in the community
Interactions with other species
Adenine always pairs with _____ - ANS-Thymine
An organism's DNA leads to specific traits by _____ - ANS-Dictating the synthesis of
proteins
Between trophic levels, energy is lost as ____ at _____ - ANS-Heat
Each transfer of energy and nutrients
Change in the DNA molecule causes _____ to be _____, and therefore different ____ to be
added to the ____ - ANS-Altered mRNA
Transcribed
Amino acids
Polypeptide Chain
Cytosine always pairs with _____ - ANS-Guanine
Darwin was influenced by the ideas of ____ of his peers ___ and ____ - ANS-Gradualism
Hutton
Lyell
Darwin's observations of the geographic distribution of species like the Galapagos finches
led to his ideas about what? - ANS-Adaptation to the environment and the origin of new
species
DNA has a ____ backbone covalently bonded to _____-containing bases -
ANS-Sugar-phosphate
Nitrogen
DNA is composed of ____ subunits. - ANS-Nucleotide
Environmental factors vary from _____ and _____. What is the significance of this? -
ANS-Place to place Time to time
A trait that is favored in one situation may not be favored in others
Food webs are typically not as simple as in an ______ - ANS-Unbranched food chain
Genes code for specific proteins via what 2 processes? - ANS-Transcription
Translation
, How can new species form without geographic isolation of two populations? - ANS-Two
distinct gene pools emerge through chromosomal changes due to errors in mitosis and
meiosis, habitat differentiation, or sexual selection
How can resource partitioning increase the chances of survival for species who share a
habitat? - ANS-By reducing competition for resources
How could a scientist genetically engineer an organism? - ANS-1. Recombinant DNA
plasmids are created when the DNA from the two sources is joined together. 2.
Recombinant plasmids are then mixed with bacteria. Under the right conditions, bacteria will
take up the recombinant plasmids
3. Each bacterium is allowed to reproduce via cell division to form a clone. As the bacteria
multiply, the foreign gene carried by the recombinant plasmid is also copied
4. The transgenic bacteria with the gene of interest can then be grown in large tanks,
producing the protein in marketable quantities
How does a molecule of DNA replicate? - ANS-One parent molecule that has two
complementary strands separates
Each strand is used as a template to make a new strand
Each of the two daughter molecules will be composed of one "old" (parent) strand and one
"new" strand
How does energy flow through an ecosystem? - ANS-It goes from the bottom up
(producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers)
Energy flows as organic matter through the trophic levels of an ecosystem
Much of it is lost at each link in the food chain
How does information flow in a cell? - ANS-From DNA to RNA to protein
Natural selection can amplify or diminish only ____ traits, not ___ traits - ANS-Heritable
Acquired
New species can form when _____ of two populations causes their gene pools to diverge -
ANS-Geographic isolation
RNA contains ____ instead of deoxyribose - ANS-Ribose
RNA contains ____ instead of thymine - ANS-Uracil
Selection by the environment for useful heritable traits can increase what? What is an
example of this? - ANS-The adaptation of organisms to their environment over time
Ex: Camouflage
Synthesis of two new complementary strands occurs in the _____ using the ____ as
templates - ANS-Replication bubble
Parent strands
The nitrogen-containing bases of the two strands are held to each other by ____ -
ANS-Hydrogen bonds
The replication bubbles merge as DNA replication progresses in both directions at the
______ - ANS-Replication forks
At the ANS-Origin of replication, the two parent strands separate. TRUE OR FALSE:
Individual organisms evolve over time - ANS-FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Populations evolve over time - ANS-TRUE
Two different species can evolve ____, but acquire the same traits as adaptations to similar
environments - ANS-Independently
What are 4 types of evidence that supports the theory of evolution? - ANS-Biogeographical
Enbryological
Fossils
DNA and biochemical evidence
