NUTR 280 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMS 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔higher - ✔✔the bigger the meal, the _________ the TEF
✔✔ghrelin - ✔✔a hormone produced by the stomach; thought to stimulate us to eat
around what would be our "normal" mealtime
✔✔hypothalamus - ✔✔what gland in the brain is triggered to produce satiety hormones
✔✔peptide YY - ✔✔released in the small intestine; intent is to reduce appetite
✔✔leptin - ✔✔secreted by adipocytes in proportion to body fatness to regular energy
intake and expenditure; intent is to suppress appetite
✔✔body fatness - ✔✔leptin is controlled by the amount of
✔✔5, 15 - ✔✔losing ____% to ____% of body weight within 6 months significantly
reduces health risks associated with being overweight/obese
✔✔1200 - ✔✔multivitamin/mineral supplement recommended with intakes less than
_____ cal/day
✔✔800 - ✔✔intakes less than ____ cal/day should be done under medical supervision
✔✔150 - ✔✔according to DGA, adults should engage in _____ mins of moderate
intensity aerobic activity per week to maintain a healthy weight
✔✔vitamin - ✔✔essential nutrients; organic compounds needed in small amounts
✔✔water-soluble - ✔✔B vitamins and vitamin C are what kind of vitamin?
✔✔fat-soluble - ✔✔vitamins A, D, E and K are what kind of vitamin?
✔✔grains, fruits, vegetables - ✔✔what food groups lack B12?
✔✔grains, dairy, protein - ✔✔what food groups lack vitamin c?
✔✔bind to a specific molecule - ✔✔water-soluble vitamins seed some assistance and
often need to __________________________ before the are absorbed into the
bloodstream
✔✔micelles - ✔✔fat-soluble vitamins are incorporated into
, ✔✔chylomicrons - ✔✔once absorbed, fat-soluble vitamins are incorporated into
✔✔lymph - ✔✔since they are too big, chylomicrons leave the mucosal cells via
✔✔bioavailability - ✔✔extent to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient
✔✔low concentrations of blood proteins - ✔✔what impairs the absorption of water
soluble vitamins?
✔✔diets low in fat - ✔✔what impairs the absorption of fat soluble vitamins?
✔✔coenzymes - ✔✔organic non-protein substance that binds to an enzyme to promote
the activity of the enzyme with which it is bound
✔✔B vitamins - ✔✔all of the ________________ act as coenzymes
✔✔antioxidant - ✔✔substance that decreases the adverse effects of reactive molecules
on normal physiological function
✔✔free radical - ✔✔type of highly reactive atom or molecule that causes oxidative
damage
✔✔electrons, stabilizes free radicals - ✔✔what do antioxidants donate?
✔✔true - ✔✔T/F: b vitamins do not provide us with energy
✔✔thiamin - ✔✔part of a coenzyme needed in energy metabolism that aids in the
breakdown of glucose and is needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
✔✔neurotransmitters - ✔✔chemical substance produced by a nerve cell that can
stimulate or inhibit another cell
✔✔ribose and deoxyribose - ✔✔thiamin is also required for the synthesis of
✔✔beriberi - ✔✔thiamin deficiency disease marked by inflammatory changes of the
nerves, digestive system, and the heart
✔✔electron carriers - ✔✔riboflavin is a part of two coenzymes that act as
✔✔chapped lips, flaking of the skin around nose/eyebrows/ear lobes, inflammation of
tongue - ✔✔signs of riboflavin deficiency
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔higher - ✔✔the bigger the meal, the _________ the TEF
✔✔ghrelin - ✔✔a hormone produced by the stomach; thought to stimulate us to eat
around what would be our "normal" mealtime
✔✔hypothalamus - ✔✔what gland in the brain is triggered to produce satiety hormones
✔✔peptide YY - ✔✔released in the small intestine; intent is to reduce appetite
✔✔leptin - ✔✔secreted by adipocytes in proportion to body fatness to regular energy
intake and expenditure; intent is to suppress appetite
✔✔body fatness - ✔✔leptin is controlled by the amount of
✔✔5, 15 - ✔✔losing ____% to ____% of body weight within 6 months significantly
reduces health risks associated with being overweight/obese
✔✔1200 - ✔✔multivitamin/mineral supplement recommended with intakes less than
_____ cal/day
✔✔800 - ✔✔intakes less than ____ cal/day should be done under medical supervision
✔✔150 - ✔✔according to DGA, adults should engage in _____ mins of moderate
intensity aerobic activity per week to maintain a healthy weight
✔✔vitamin - ✔✔essential nutrients; organic compounds needed in small amounts
✔✔water-soluble - ✔✔B vitamins and vitamin C are what kind of vitamin?
✔✔fat-soluble - ✔✔vitamins A, D, E and K are what kind of vitamin?
✔✔grains, fruits, vegetables - ✔✔what food groups lack B12?
✔✔grains, dairy, protein - ✔✔what food groups lack vitamin c?
✔✔bind to a specific molecule - ✔✔water-soluble vitamins seed some assistance and
often need to __________________________ before the are absorbed into the
bloodstream
✔✔micelles - ✔✔fat-soluble vitamins are incorporated into
, ✔✔chylomicrons - ✔✔once absorbed, fat-soluble vitamins are incorporated into
✔✔lymph - ✔✔since they are too big, chylomicrons leave the mucosal cells via
✔✔bioavailability - ✔✔extent to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient
✔✔low concentrations of blood proteins - ✔✔what impairs the absorption of water
soluble vitamins?
✔✔diets low in fat - ✔✔what impairs the absorption of fat soluble vitamins?
✔✔coenzymes - ✔✔organic non-protein substance that binds to an enzyme to promote
the activity of the enzyme with which it is bound
✔✔B vitamins - ✔✔all of the ________________ act as coenzymes
✔✔antioxidant - ✔✔substance that decreases the adverse effects of reactive molecules
on normal physiological function
✔✔free radical - ✔✔type of highly reactive atom or molecule that causes oxidative
damage
✔✔electrons, stabilizes free radicals - ✔✔what do antioxidants donate?
✔✔true - ✔✔T/F: b vitamins do not provide us with energy
✔✔thiamin - ✔✔part of a coenzyme needed in energy metabolism that aids in the
breakdown of glucose and is needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
✔✔neurotransmitters - ✔✔chemical substance produced by a nerve cell that can
stimulate or inhibit another cell
✔✔ribose and deoxyribose - ✔✔thiamin is also required for the synthesis of
✔✔beriberi - ✔✔thiamin deficiency disease marked by inflammatory changes of the
nerves, digestive system, and the heart
✔✔electron carriers - ✔✔riboflavin is a part of two coenzymes that act as
✔✔chapped lips, flaking of the skin around nose/eyebrows/ear lobes, inflammation of
tongue - ✔✔signs of riboflavin deficiency
