HESI A2 – Anatomy Exam Questions With Accurate Answers.
Lysosomes - accurate answers-Intracellular digestion takes place in
Lysozomes,
Packed with hydrolytic enzymes, the lysozomes can hydrolyze proteins, fats,
sugars and nucleic acids.
Lysozomes normally contain an acidic environment (pH 4.5)
Lysosomes Are... - accurate answers-membrane-bound organelles that contain
enzymes to break down invading bacteria and damaged or worn-out cell
parts.
Primary function of the urinary tract - accurate answers-Formation and
excretion of urine
From the kidneys the urine passes... - accurate answers-flows into the renal
collecting system (renal calices and pelvis)
Then passes through URETERS
to URINARY BLADDER
Urine is later discharged through URETHRA
Functional Units of the Kidneys - accurate answers-Nephrons
Nephron Function - accurate answers-Filter waste material out of blood
brought to the kidney by the renal artery, formation of urine happens here
Glomerulus - accurate answers-Filtration of the blood occurs through the
Glomerulus under the force of blood pressure
Anterior Pituitary Hormones - accurate answers-GH - Growth Hormone
PRL - Prolactin
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
LH - Leutinizing Hormone
FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Posterior Pituitary Hormones - accurate answers-ADH - Anti Diuretic
Hormone
,Oxytocin
Tropic Hormones - accurate answers-Hormones of the anterior Pituitary
gland that act mainly on other endocrine glands
ceruminous glands - accurate answers-modified sweat glands, located in
external ear canal, secretes cerumen (earwax)
Skin - accurate answers-Largest organ in the body
Epidermis - accurate answers-Skins outermost protective layer made of dead
keratinized epithelial cells
Dermis - accurate answers-Underlying layer of connective tissue, with blood
vessels nerve endings and the associated skin structures
Layers of the Epidermis - accurate answers-stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
Stratum Germinativum: (where mitosis occurs)
-stratum lucidum
-stratum corneum
Cytoplasm - accurate answers-A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the
organelles are suspended
Mitochondria - accurate answers-Double membrane bound cytoplasmic
organelles, involved primarily in the generation of energy, they are rich in
oxidative enzymes.
Ribosomes - accurate answers-Composed of RNA, may be attached to the
Rough ER.
Involved in protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - accurate answers-Meshwork of membranes
Are in continuity with the outer plasma membranes on one side and the
nuclear membrane on the other.
, Rough ER - accurate answers-Site of protein synthesis
Smooth ER - accurate answers-Many functions
-Most important:
catabolism (metabolic degradation) of drugs, hormones and various nutrients
and the synthesis of steroid hormones.
Golgi Apparatus - accurate answers-A system of membranes that modifies and
packages proteins for export by the cell
Lysosomes 2 - accurate answers-Membrane bound digestive cytoplasmic
organelles rich in lytic enzymes
Hemopoiesis - accurate answers-Blood Cell Formation
Osteoblasts - accurate answers-cells that form compact bone
--When they become fixed in the dense bone matrix, they stop dividing but
continue to maintain bone tissue as Osteocytes
Soleus Muscle - accurate answers-Function: Plantar flexes ankle,
Insertion: Calcaneus (heel),
Origin: Tibia and fibula
Endocrine System - accurate answers-Assists nervous system in homeostasis
and plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation
-The two systems meet at the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Steroid Hormones - accurate answers-Enter target cells and have a direct
effect on the DNA of the nucleus
Nonsteroid Hormones - accurate answers-Protein hormones - Remain at the
cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually AMP (Adenosine
monophosphate)
HESI Hint 1 - accurate answers-Multiple hormones are released during stress
from the adrenal cortex, the hypothalamus, and the posterior and anterior
pituitary. The cortisol released from the adrenal cortex reduces inflammation,
raises the blood sugar level, and inhibits the release of histamine.
Lysosomes - accurate answers-Intracellular digestion takes place in
Lysozomes,
Packed with hydrolytic enzymes, the lysozomes can hydrolyze proteins, fats,
sugars and nucleic acids.
Lysozomes normally contain an acidic environment (pH 4.5)
Lysosomes Are... - accurate answers-membrane-bound organelles that contain
enzymes to break down invading bacteria and damaged or worn-out cell
parts.
Primary function of the urinary tract - accurate answers-Formation and
excretion of urine
From the kidneys the urine passes... - accurate answers-flows into the renal
collecting system (renal calices and pelvis)
Then passes through URETERS
to URINARY BLADDER
Urine is later discharged through URETHRA
Functional Units of the Kidneys - accurate answers-Nephrons
Nephron Function - accurate answers-Filter waste material out of blood
brought to the kidney by the renal artery, formation of urine happens here
Glomerulus - accurate answers-Filtration of the blood occurs through the
Glomerulus under the force of blood pressure
Anterior Pituitary Hormones - accurate answers-GH - Growth Hormone
PRL - Prolactin
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
LH - Leutinizing Hormone
FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Posterior Pituitary Hormones - accurate answers-ADH - Anti Diuretic
Hormone
,Oxytocin
Tropic Hormones - accurate answers-Hormones of the anterior Pituitary
gland that act mainly on other endocrine glands
ceruminous glands - accurate answers-modified sweat glands, located in
external ear canal, secretes cerumen (earwax)
Skin - accurate answers-Largest organ in the body
Epidermis - accurate answers-Skins outermost protective layer made of dead
keratinized epithelial cells
Dermis - accurate answers-Underlying layer of connective tissue, with blood
vessels nerve endings and the associated skin structures
Layers of the Epidermis - accurate answers-stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
Stratum Germinativum: (where mitosis occurs)
-stratum lucidum
-stratum corneum
Cytoplasm - accurate answers-A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the
organelles are suspended
Mitochondria - accurate answers-Double membrane bound cytoplasmic
organelles, involved primarily in the generation of energy, they are rich in
oxidative enzymes.
Ribosomes - accurate answers-Composed of RNA, may be attached to the
Rough ER.
Involved in protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - accurate answers-Meshwork of membranes
Are in continuity with the outer plasma membranes on one side and the
nuclear membrane on the other.
, Rough ER - accurate answers-Site of protein synthesis
Smooth ER - accurate answers-Many functions
-Most important:
catabolism (metabolic degradation) of drugs, hormones and various nutrients
and the synthesis of steroid hormones.
Golgi Apparatus - accurate answers-A system of membranes that modifies and
packages proteins for export by the cell
Lysosomes 2 - accurate answers-Membrane bound digestive cytoplasmic
organelles rich in lytic enzymes
Hemopoiesis - accurate answers-Blood Cell Formation
Osteoblasts - accurate answers-cells that form compact bone
--When they become fixed in the dense bone matrix, they stop dividing but
continue to maintain bone tissue as Osteocytes
Soleus Muscle - accurate answers-Function: Plantar flexes ankle,
Insertion: Calcaneus (heel),
Origin: Tibia and fibula
Endocrine System - accurate answers-Assists nervous system in homeostasis
and plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation
-The two systems meet at the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Steroid Hormones - accurate answers-Enter target cells and have a direct
effect on the DNA of the nucleus
Nonsteroid Hormones - accurate answers-Protein hormones - Remain at the
cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually AMP (Adenosine
monophosphate)
HESI Hint 1 - accurate answers-Multiple hormones are released during stress
from the adrenal cortex, the hypothalamus, and the posterior and anterior
pituitary. The cortisol released from the adrenal cortex reduces inflammation,
raises the blood sugar level, and inhibits the release of histamine.
