HUMAN NUTRITION PRACTICE EXAM 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔chromosome - ✔✔a single, large DNA molecule and its associated proteins,
contains many genes to store and transmit genetic information
✔✔genes - ✔✔a specific segment on a chromosome, genes provide the blueprints for
the production of all body proteins
✔✔deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ✔✔the site of hereditary information in cells, DNA
directs the synthesis of cell proteins
✔✔ribonucleic acid (RNA) - ✔✔the single-stranded nucleic acid involved in the
transcription of genetic information and translation of that information into protein
structure
✔✔transcription - ✔✔process by which genetic information stored as DNA within the
nucleus is copied to RNA during protein synthesis
✔✔ribosomes - ✔✔cytoplasmic particles that mediate the linking together of amino
acids to form proteins, may exist freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic
reticulum
✔✔translation - ✔✔process by which genetic information copied onto RNA sequence to
form a protein
✔✔endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔an organelle composed of a network of canals running
through the cytoplasm, part of the ER contains ribosomes
✔✔Golgi complex - ✔✔the cell organelle near the nucleus that processes newly
synthesized protein for secretion or distribution to other organelles
✔✔adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ✔✔the main energy currency for cells, ATP energy
is used to promote ion pumping, enzyme activity, and muscular contraction
✔✔cardiovascular system - ✔✔the body system consisting of the heart, blood vessels,
and blood
-this system transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the
body and plays an important role in immune responses and regulation of body temp
✔✔Lymphatic system - ✔✔a system of vessels and lymph that accepts fluid
surrounding cells and large particles, such as products of fat absorption. Lymph
eventually passes into the bloodstream from the lymphatic system
, ✔✔Lymph - ✔✔a clear fluid that flows through lymph vessels, carries most forms of fat
after their absorption by the small intestine
✔✔urinary system - ✔✔composed of two kidneys, one on each side of the spinal
column
✔✔nervous system - ✔✔a regulatory system that centrally controls most body functions,
consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors. This system detects
sensations, directs movements, and controls physiological and intellectual functions
✔✔neuron - ✔✔the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Consists of a
cell body, dendrites and an axon
✔✔white blood cells - ✔✔one of the formed elements of the circulating blood system,
phagocytize bacteria, fungi, viruses, as well as detoxify proteins that may result from
allergic reactions, cellular injury, and other immune system cells
✔✔digestive System - ✔✔system consisting of the GI tract and accessory structures
(liver, gallbladder, and pancreas). This system performs the mechanical and chemical
processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
✔✔digestion - ✔✔process by which large ingested molecules are mechanically and
chemically broken down to produce basic nutrients that can be absorbed across the wall
of the GI tract
✔✔absorption - ✔✔the process by which substances are taken up from the GI tract and
enter the bloodstream or the lymph
✔✔gastrointestinal (GI) tract - ✔✔the main sites in the body used for digestion and
absorption of nutrients. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum, and anus. Also called the digestive tract
✔✔mouth - ✔✔saliva, amylase, lipase, and mucus
✔✔esophagus - ✔✔pharynx, epiglottis, bolus, peristalsis, lower esophageal sphincter
✔✔stomach - ✔✔chyme, pyloric sphincter, intrinsic factor
✔✔small intestine - ✔✔-passive diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-active absorption
-phagocytosis
✔✔nutritional diseases with a genetic link - ✔✔cardiovascular disease
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔chromosome - ✔✔a single, large DNA molecule and its associated proteins,
contains many genes to store and transmit genetic information
✔✔genes - ✔✔a specific segment on a chromosome, genes provide the blueprints for
the production of all body proteins
✔✔deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ✔✔the site of hereditary information in cells, DNA
directs the synthesis of cell proteins
✔✔ribonucleic acid (RNA) - ✔✔the single-stranded nucleic acid involved in the
transcription of genetic information and translation of that information into protein
structure
✔✔transcription - ✔✔process by which genetic information stored as DNA within the
nucleus is copied to RNA during protein synthesis
✔✔ribosomes - ✔✔cytoplasmic particles that mediate the linking together of amino
acids to form proteins, may exist freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic
reticulum
✔✔translation - ✔✔process by which genetic information copied onto RNA sequence to
form a protein
✔✔endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔an organelle composed of a network of canals running
through the cytoplasm, part of the ER contains ribosomes
✔✔Golgi complex - ✔✔the cell organelle near the nucleus that processes newly
synthesized protein for secretion or distribution to other organelles
✔✔adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ✔✔the main energy currency for cells, ATP energy
is used to promote ion pumping, enzyme activity, and muscular contraction
✔✔cardiovascular system - ✔✔the body system consisting of the heart, blood vessels,
and blood
-this system transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the
body and plays an important role in immune responses and regulation of body temp
✔✔Lymphatic system - ✔✔a system of vessels and lymph that accepts fluid
surrounding cells and large particles, such as products of fat absorption. Lymph
eventually passes into the bloodstream from the lymphatic system
, ✔✔Lymph - ✔✔a clear fluid that flows through lymph vessels, carries most forms of fat
after their absorption by the small intestine
✔✔urinary system - ✔✔composed of two kidneys, one on each side of the spinal
column
✔✔nervous system - ✔✔a regulatory system that centrally controls most body functions,
consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors. This system detects
sensations, directs movements, and controls physiological and intellectual functions
✔✔neuron - ✔✔the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Consists of a
cell body, dendrites and an axon
✔✔white blood cells - ✔✔one of the formed elements of the circulating blood system,
phagocytize bacteria, fungi, viruses, as well as detoxify proteins that may result from
allergic reactions, cellular injury, and other immune system cells
✔✔digestive System - ✔✔system consisting of the GI tract and accessory structures
(liver, gallbladder, and pancreas). This system performs the mechanical and chemical
processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
✔✔digestion - ✔✔process by which large ingested molecules are mechanically and
chemically broken down to produce basic nutrients that can be absorbed across the wall
of the GI tract
✔✔absorption - ✔✔the process by which substances are taken up from the GI tract and
enter the bloodstream or the lymph
✔✔gastrointestinal (GI) tract - ✔✔the main sites in the body used for digestion and
absorption of nutrients. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum, and anus. Also called the digestive tract
✔✔mouth - ✔✔saliva, amylase, lipase, and mucus
✔✔esophagus - ✔✔pharynx, epiglottis, bolus, peristalsis, lower esophageal sphincter
✔✔stomach - ✔✔chyme, pyloric sphincter, intrinsic factor
✔✔small intestine - ✔✔-passive diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-active absorption
-phagocytosis
✔✔nutritional diseases with a genetic link - ✔✔cardiovascular disease
