HUMAN NUTRITION CORE EXAM SET 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔phospholipid - ✔✔any of a class of fat-related substances that contain phosphorus,
fatty acids, and a nitrogen-containing base
-they are an essential part of every cell
✔✔cholesterol - ✔✔another component of the cell membrane, a fat soluble, embedded
within a bilayer
✔✔enzyme - ✔✔a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not
altered by the reaction, almost all enzymes are proteins (some are made of genetic
material)
✔✔Lymph - ✔✔a clear fluid that flows through lymph vessels, carries most forms of fat
after their absorption by the small intestine
✔✔digestive System - ✔✔system consisting of the GI tract and accessory structures
(liver, gallbladder, and pancreas). This system performs the mechanical and chemical
processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
✔✔digestion - ✔✔process by which large ingested molecules are mechanically and
chemically broken down to produce basic nutrients that can be absorbed across the wall
of the GI tract
✔✔absorption - ✔✔the process by which substances are taken up from the GI tract and
enter the bloodstream or the lymph
✔✔gastrointestinal (GI) tract - ✔✔the main sites in the body used for digestion and
absorption of nutrients. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum, and anus. Also called the digestive tract
✔✔mouth - ✔✔saliva, amylase, lipase, and mucus
✔✔esophagus - ✔✔pharynx, epiglottis, bolus, peristalsis, lower esophageal sphincter
✔✔stomach - ✔✔chyme, pyloric sphincter, intrinsic factor
✔✔small intestine - ✔✔-passive diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-active absorption
-phagocytosis
✔✔nutritional diseases with a genetic link - ✔✔cardiovascular disease
, obesity
diabetes
cancer
✔✔glycogen - ✔✔a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose with a highly
branched structure, it is the storage form of glucose in humans and is synthesized (and
stored) in the liver and muscles
✔✔sugars - ✔✔a simple carbohydrate, the basic unit of all sugars is glucose, a six
carbon ring structure
-the primary sugar in the diet is sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose
✔✔starches - ✔✔a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in
a form the body can digest, also known as complex carbohydrate
✔✔fibers - ✔✔substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place
in the human stomach or small intestine, these add bulk to feces, fiber naturally found in
foods is also called dietary fiber
✔✔monosaccharide - ✔✔simple sugar, such as glucose, that is not broken down further
during digestion
✔✔simple sugar - ✔✔monosaccharide or disaccharide in the diet
✔✔sucrose - ✔✔fructose bonded to glucose
✔✔fructose - ✔✔a six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form, found
in fruits and honey
✔✔high-fructose corn syrup - ✔✔corn syrup that has been manufactured to contain
between 42% and 90% fructose
✔✔galactose - ✔✔a six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form,
closely related to glucose
✔✔lactose - ✔✔glucose bonded to galactose
✔✔disaccharide - ✔✔class of sugars formed by the chemical bonding of two
monosaccharides
✔✔maltose - ✔✔glucose bonded to glucose
✔✔polysaccharides - ✔✔carbohydrates containing many glucose units from 10 to 100
or more
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔phospholipid - ✔✔any of a class of fat-related substances that contain phosphorus,
fatty acids, and a nitrogen-containing base
-they are an essential part of every cell
✔✔cholesterol - ✔✔another component of the cell membrane, a fat soluble, embedded
within a bilayer
✔✔enzyme - ✔✔a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not
altered by the reaction, almost all enzymes are proteins (some are made of genetic
material)
✔✔Lymph - ✔✔a clear fluid that flows through lymph vessels, carries most forms of fat
after their absorption by the small intestine
✔✔digestive System - ✔✔system consisting of the GI tract and accessory structures
(liver, gallbladder, and pancreas). This system performs the mechanical and chemical
processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
✔✔digestion - ✔✔process by which large ingested molecules are mechanically and
chemically broken down to produce basic nutrients that can be absorbed across the wall
of the GI tract
✔✔absorption - ✔✔the process by which substances are taken up from the GI tract and
enter the bloodstream or the lymph
✔✔gastrointestinal (GI) tract - ✔✔the main sites in the body used for digestion and
absorption of nutrients. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum, and anus. Also called the digestive tract
✔✔mouth - ✔✔saliva, amylase, lipase, and mucus
✔✔esophagus - ✔✔pharynx, epiglottis, bolus, peristalsis, lower esophageal sphincter
✔✔stomach - ✔✔chyme, pyloric sphincter, intrinsic factor
✔✔small intestine - ✔✔-passive diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-active absorption
-phagocytosis
✔✔nutritional diseases with a genetic link - ✔✔cardiovascular disease
, obesity
diabetes
cancer
✔✔glycogen - ✔✔a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose with a highly
branched structure, it is the storage form of glucose in humans and is synthesized (and
stored) in the liver and muscles
✔✔sugars - ✔✔a simple carbohydrate, the basic unit of all sugars is glucose, a six
carbon ring structure
-the primary sugar in the diet is sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose
✔✔starches - ✔✔a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in
a form the body can digest, also known as complex carbohydrate
✔✔fibers - ✔✔substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place
in the human stomach or small intestine, these add bulk to feces, fiber naturally found in
foods is also called dietary fiber
✔✔monosaccharide - ✔✔simple sugar, such as glucose, that is not broken down further
during digestion
✔✔simple sugar - ✔✔monosaccharide or disaccharide in the diet
✔✔sucrose - ✔✔fructose bonded to glucose
✔✔fructose - ✔✔a six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form, found
in fruits and honey
✔✔high-fructose corn syrup - ✔✔corn syrup that has been manufactured to contain
between 42% and 90% fructose
✔✔galactose - ✔✔a six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form,
closely related to glucose
✔✔lactose - ✔✔glucose bonded to galactose
✔✔disaccharide - ✔✔class of sugars formed by the chemical bonding of two
monosaccharides
✔✔maltose - ✔✔glucose bonded to glucose
✔✔polysaccharides - ✔✔carbohydrates containing many glucose units from 10 to 100
or more
