HUMAN NUTRITION COMPREHENSIVE EXAMS 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔What defines protein turnover? - ✔✔The sum of protein synthesis and degradation
✔✔The sum of protein synthesis and degradation - ✔✔both essential and nonessential
amino acids
✔✔What is the digestibility of most plant proteins, expressed as a percentage? - ✔✔70
to 90%
✔✔What is the digestibility of most animal proteins, expressed as a percentage? -
✔✔90 to 99%
✔✔What is related to the quality of a food protein? - ✔✔Essential amino acid balance
✔✔In the study of protein nutrition, which term describes the amount of amino acids
absorbed as a percentage of the amount of protein consumed? - ✔✔Digestibility
✔✔If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action? -
✔✔Protein synthesis will be limited
✔✔What describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells? -
✔✔Metabolism
✔✔What organ has the most versatile and metabolically active cells? - ✔✔Liver
✔✔Which term is specific to reactions in which simple compounds are combined into
more complex molecules? - ✔✔Anabolic
✔✔What reaction is an example of an anabolic reaction? - ✔✔Cholesterol synthesis
from acetyl CoA molecules
✔✔The component of the cell that houses all enzymes required in the TCA cycle is
called: - ✔✔Mitochondria
✔✔What are the functions of the liver? - ✔✔conversion of fructose to glucose, synthesis
of glycogen, synthesis of urea
✔✔What is an example of an anabolic reaction? - ✔✔Formation of glycogen from
glucose
✔✔What type of reaction is characterised by a release of energy? - ✔✔Catabolic
, ✔✔What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells? - ✔✔ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)
✔✔What is the approximate efficiency of conversion of food energy to ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) energy in the body, expressed as a percentage? - ✔✔50%
✔✔In the adult body, food energy not stored as fat or glycogen is lost as: - ✔✔Heat
✔✔Which of the following metabolic reactions occurs when a cell uses energy? -
✔✔ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP
✔✔What does the body primarily use for its energy needs? - ✔✔Carbs and fats
✔✔What can be formed from acetyl CoA in humans? - ✔✔Fat
✔✔Glycolysis is the conversion of: - ✔✔glucose to pyruvate
✔✔What is not an aspect of glycolysis? - ✔✔"it is irreversible"
✔✔An anaerobic reaction is one that does not require: - ✔✔Oxygen
✔✔The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of: - ✔✔lactate and glucose
✔✔What is a possible fate of acetyl CoA? - ✔✔synthesis of fatty acids
✔✔Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of: - ✔✔acetyl CoA
✔✔Production of excessive amounts of acetyl CoA molecules leads to the synthesis of:
- ✔✔fatty acids only
✔✔What compound cannot be formed from fatty acids? - ✔✔Glucose
✔✔Approximately what percentage of the weight of triglycerides cannot be converted to
glucose? - ✔✔95%
✔✔What cannot be used to make body proteins? - ✔✔Fatty Acids
✔✔What is the immediate fate of excess dietary protein in the body? - ✔✔Deaminated
✔✔After digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build protein will first be
subjected to: - ✔✔removal of its amino group (Deamination)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔What defines protein turnover? - ✔✔The sum of protein synthesis and degradation
✔✔The sum of protein synthesis and degradation - ✔✔both essential and nonessential
amino acids
✔✔What is the digestibility of most plant proteins, expressed as a percentage? - ✔✔70
to 90%
✔✔What is the digestibility of most animal proteins, expressed as a percentage? -
✔✔90 to 99%
✔✔What is related to the quality of a food protein? - ✔✔Essential amino acid balance
✔✔In the study of protein nutrition, which term describes the amount of amino acids
absorbed as a percentage of the amount of protein consumed? - ✔✔Digestibility
✔✔If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action? -
✔✔Protein synthesis will be limited
✔✔What describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells? -
✔✔Metabolism
✔✔What organ has the most versatile and metabolically active cells? - ✔✔Liver
✔✔Which term is specific to reactions in which simple compounds are combined into
more complex molecules? - ✔✔Anabolic
✔✔What reaction is an example of an anabolic reaction? - ✔✔Cholesterol synthesis
from acetyl CoA molecules
✔✔The component of the cell that houses all enzymes required in the TCA cycle is
called: - ✔✔Mitochondria
✔✔What are the functions of the liver? - ✔✔conversion of fructose to glucose, synthesis
of glycogen, synthesis of urea
✔✔What is an example of an anabolic reaction? - ✔✔Formation of glycogen from
glucose
✔✔What type of reaction is characterised by a release of energy? - ✔✔Catabolic
, ✔✔What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells? - ✔✔ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)
✔✔What is the approximate efficiency of conversion of food energy to ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) energy in the body, expressed as a percentage? - ✔✔50%
✔✔In the adult body, food energy not stored as fat or glycogen is lost as: - ✔✔Heat
✔✔Which of the following metabolic reactions occurs when a cell uses energy? -
✔✔ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP
✔✔What does the body primarily use for its energy needs? - ✔✔Carbs and fats
✔✔What can be formed from acetyl CoA in humans? - ✔✔Fat
✔✔Glycolysis is the conversion of: - ✔✔glucose to pyruvate
✔✔What is not an aspect of glycolysis? - ✔✔"it is irreversible"
✔✔An anaerobic reaction is one that does not require: - ✔✔Oxygen
✔✔The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of: - ✔✔lactate and glucose
✔✔What is a possible fate of acetyl CoA? - ✔✔synthesis of fatty acids
✔✔Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of: - ✔✔acetyl CoA
✔✔Production of excessive amounts of acetyl CoA molecules leads to the synthesis of:
- ✔✔fatty acids only
✔✔What compound cannot be formed from fatty acids? - ✔✔Glucose
✔✔Approximately what percentage of the weight of triglycerides cannot be converted to
glucose? - ✔✔95%
✔✔What cannot be used to make body proteins? - ✔✔Fatty Acids
✔✔What is the immediate fate of excess dietary protein in the body? - ✔✔Deaminated
✔✔After digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build protein will first be
subjected to: - ✔✔removal of its amino group (Deamination)
