COMPS DYSPHAGIA EXAM
,1. Describe the 3 stages of swallowing.: 1. Oral Stage - V
-Oral prep stage = tongue carries food to lower teeth for food
processing -> masti- cation (velum open) -> bolus sealed in
mouth anteriorly by lips and posteriorly by soft palate and tongue
-Oral propulsive stage = tongue to alveolar ridge and moves
upward from A-P, posterior tongue drops to open back
3. Pharyngeal phase - IV
-2 crucial factors = airway protection** and food passage
A) Airway protection = VF closure -> arytenoids contact base of
epiglottis -> hyola- ryngeal excursion -> epiglottic retroflection
B) Food passage = soft palate elevates (velum closed) -> BOT
retracts -> Pharyn- geal walls move inward in a progressive wave
of contraction (pharyngeal peristal- sis!!) -> UES relaxes and
pulled open by hyolaryngeal excursion
4. Esophageal phase - IV
-Bolus passes the UES into the esophagus to the LES and into
the stomach thru peristalsis
2. What are some dysphagia treatment methods for
Parkinson's and ALS?: -
Parkinson's
,-Trach management
-Oral hygiene
-ROM and strengthening exercises
-Compensatory techniques
ALS
-Positioning
-Strengthening exercises
3. 6 associated diagnoses categories [NOL PCS]: 1.
Neurologic (e.g., stroke, dementia, TBI, CP)
2. Progressive disease (e.g., Parkinson's, Huntington's)
3. Connective tissue/Rheumatoid
4. Structural (e.g., tumor)
5. Latrogenic diagnoses (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation, intubation)
6. Other (e.g., psychogenic conditions, respiratory compromise)
4. What are the 4 muscles of mastication?: 1. Temporalis -
elevates or closes mandible
2. Masseter - elevates or closes mandible
3. Medial pterygoid - elevates or closes mandible
, 4. Lateral pterygoid - depressor or opener of mandible, allows for
side to side movement
5. What compensatory technique could you use when you
need to harness gravity to help propel bolus from oral cavity
to pharynx when a person has poor bolus control or bolus
transport?: Chin-up/Head back
6. Head rotation to the weaker side is a postural
compensatory technique used when people have more
pathologies (like unilateral pharyngeal paralysis/paresis),
while head tilt to the stronger side is used when people have
more pathologies (like glossectomy).: Head rotation to
the weaker side is a postural compensatory technique used when
people have more pharyngeal pathologies (like unilateral
pharyngeal paralysis/paresis), while head tilt to the stronger side
is used when people have more oral pathologies (like
glossectomy).
7. What compensatory technique could you use when
someone has reduced laryngeal elevation and difficulty
swallowing liquids?: Chin-tuck
8. Dysphagia TX: Compensatory Postural Techniques
What is their purpose?
They include the following...
,1. Describe the 3 stages of swallowing.: 1. Oral Stage - V
-Oral prep stage = tongue carries food to lower teeth for food
processing -> masti- cation (velum open) -> bolus sealed in
mouth anteriorly by lips and posteriorly by soft palate and tongue
-Oral propulsive stage = tongue to alveolar ridge and moves
upward from A-P, posterior tongue drops to open back
3. Pharyngeal phase - IV
-2 crucial factors = airway protection** and food passage
A) Airway protection = VF closure -> arytenoids contact base of
epiglottis -> hyola- ryngeal excursion -> epiglottic retroflection
B) Food passage = soft palate elevates (velum closed) -> BOT
retracts -> Pharyn- geal walls move inward in a progressive wave
of contraction (pharyngeal peristal- sis!!) -> UES relaxes and
pulled open by hyolaryngeal excursion
4. Esophageal phase - IV
-Bolus passes the UES into the esophagus to the LES and into
the stomach thru peristalsis
2. What are some dysphagia treatment methods for
Parkinson's and ALS?: -
Parkinson's
,-Trach management
-Oral hygiene
-ROM and strengthening exercises
-Compensatory techniques
ALS
-Positioning
-Strengthening exercises
3. 6 associated diagnoses categories [NOL PCS]: 1.
Neurologic (e.g., stroke, dementia, TBI, CP)
2. Progressive disease (e.g., Parkinson's, Huntington's)
3. Connective tissue/Rheumatoid
4. Structural (e.g., tumor)
5. Latrogenic diagnoses (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation, intubation)
6. Other (e.g., psychogenic conditions, respiratory compromise)
4. What are the 4 muscles of mastication?: 1. Temporalis -
elevates or closes mandible
2. Masseter - elevates or closes mandible
3. Medial pterygoid - elevates or closes mandible
, 4. Lateral pterygoid - depressor or opener of mandible, allows for
side to side movement
5. What compensatory technique could you use when you
need to harness gravity to help propel bolus from oral cavity
to pharynx when a person has poor bolus control or bolus
transport?: Chin-up/Head back
6. Head rotation to the weaker side is a postural
compensatory technique used when people have more
pathologies (like unilateral pharyngeal paralysis/paresis),
while head tilt to the stronger side is used when people have
more pathologies (like glossectomy).: Head rotation to
the weaker side is a postural compensatory technique used when
people have more pharyngeal pathologies (like unilateral
pharyngeal paralysis/paresis), while head tilt to the stronger side
is used when people have more oral pathologies (like
glossectomy).
7. What compensatory technique could you use when
someone has reduced laryngeal elevation and difficulty
swallowing liquids?: Chin-tuck
8. Dysphagia TX: Compensatory Postural Techniques
What is their purpose?
They include the following...
