1|Page
WGU PATHO 370 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY
GRADED A+/ LATEST EXAM!!!
Signs and symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones - Answer-
flank pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria
What is the common composition of renal calculi? -
Answer-calcium crystals
polycystic kidney disease - Answer-condition in which the
kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged; the cysts will
alter kidney function
glomerulonephritis - Answer-inflammation of the glomeruli
of the kidney; immune complex reaction resulting in
alterations in the glomerular capillary structure and
function; mediated by IgE
Major sign/symptom of renal cancer - Answer-hematuria
,2|Page
What forms renal calculi in patients with gouty arthritis? -
Answer-uric acid
Acute pyelonephritis - Answer-infection of the renal pelvis
usually from an ascending UTI; inflammation that does not
result in scarring or fibrosis
What is the common bacteria that causes a UTI? -
Answer-E. coli
Chronic Pyelonephritis - Answer-infection of the renal
pelvis that has scarring and fibrosis and can result in
chronic kidney disease; associated with reflux or
processes that lead to urine stasis
clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - Answer-
CVA tenderness, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis - Answer-
abdominal or flank pain, fever, malaise, anorexia
what are the three phases of tubular necrosis? - Answer-
prodromal phase, oliguric phase, post oliguric phase
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clinical presentation of the prodromal phase? - Answer-
normal or declining urine output & BUN creatinine begin to
rise,
clinical presentation of the oliguric phase? - Answer-
oliguria, decreased GFR, hypervolemia (dialysis may be
required)
clinical presentation of the postoliguric phase? - Answer-
postoliguric phase represents renal recovery; urine volume
begins to increase and tubular function begins to improve
fluid volume deficit until kidneys recover
renal osteodystrophy in end-stage renal disease - Answer-
elevated phosphorus and PTH causes alterations in the
bone and mineral metabolism; kidneys are unable to
reabsorb the calcium and the bones will begin to break
down
anemia in end-stage renal disease - Answer-kidneys
produce erythropoietin, which is needed to make RBC; a
lack of erythropoietin will decrease the RBC count
, 4|Page
What are some common causes of CKD? - Answer-
diabetes and hypertension
What is the cause for acute tubular necrosis? - Answer-
ischemia leads to acute tubular necrosis
What are some secondary conditions associated with end-
stage chronic renal disease - Answer-anemia, malnutrition,
bone and mineral disorders, electrolyte imbalances,
metabolic acidosis, uremic syndrome, hypertension, and
cardiovascular disease
what is the most frequent and initial symptom of bladder
cancer? - Answer-hematuria
What can vesicoureteral reflux lead to? - Answer-recurrent
cystitis
Who is more prone to UTIs? - Answer-sexually active
women
WGU PATHO 370 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY
GRADED A+/ LATEST EXAM!!!
Signs and symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones - Answer-
flank pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria
What is the common composition of renal calculi? -
Answer-calcium crystals
polycystic kidney disease - Answer-condition in which the
kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged; the cysts will
alter kidney function
glomerulonephritis - Answer-inflammation of the glomeruli
of the kidney; immune complex reaction resulting in
alterations in the glomerular capillary structure and
function; mediated by IgE
Major sign/symptom of renal cancer - Answer-hematuria
,2|Page
What forms renal calculi in patients with gouty arthritis? -
Answer-uric acid
Acute pyelonephritis - Answer-infection of the renal pelvis
usually from an ascending UTI; inflammation that does not
result in scarring or fibrosis
What is the common bacteria that causes a UTI? -
Answer-E. coli
Chronic Pyelonephritis - Answer-infection of the renal
pelvis that has scarring and fibrosis and can result in
chronic kidney disease; associated with reflux or
processes that lead to urine stasis
clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - Answer-
CVA tenderness, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis - Answer-
abdominal or flank pain, fever, malaise, anorexia
what are the three phases of tubular necrosis? - Answer-
prodromal phase, oliguric phase, post oliguric phase
,3|Page
clinical presentation of the prodromal phase? - Answer-
normal or declining urine output & BUN creatinine begin to
rise,
clinical presentation of the oliguric phase? - Answer-
oliguria, decreased GFR, hypervolemia (dialysis may be
required)
clinical presentation of the postoliguric phase? - Answer-
postoliguric phase represents renal recovery; urine volume
begins to increase and tubular function begins to improve
fluid volume deficit until kidneys recover
renal osteodystrophy in end-stage renal disease - Answer-
elevated phosphorus and PTH causes alterations in the
bone and mineral metabolism; kidneys are unable to
reabsorb the calcium and the bones will begin to break
down
anemia in end-stage renal disease - Answer-kidneys
produce erythropoietin, which is needed to make RBC; a
lack of erythropoietin will decrease the RBC count
, 4|Page
What are some common causes of CKD? - Answer-
diabetes and hypertension
What is the cause for acute tubular necrosis? - Answer-
ischemia leads to acute tubular necrosis
What are some secondary conditions associated with end-
stage chronic renal disease - Answer-anemia, malnutrition,
bone and mineral disorders, electrolyte imbalances,
metabolic acidosis, uremic syndrome, hypertension, and
cardiovascular disease
what is the most frequent and initial symptom of bladder
cancer? - Answer-hematuria
What can vesicoureteral reflux lead to? - Answer-recurrent
cystitis
Who is more prone to UTIs? - Answer-sexually active
women
