BIOLOGY 1001 EXAM 2 with verified
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answers
Energy |- |ability |to |do |work
Work |- |transfer |of |energy |to |an |object |causing |it |to |move
chemical |energy |- |energy |contained |within |a |molecule |such |as |glycogen |or |fat, |is |released |by |
chemical |reactions, |converted |to |ATP, |and |used |to |do |work.
potential |energy |- |stored |energy |that |has |the |potential |to |do |work
kinetic |energy |- |energy |of |movement
first |law |of |thermodynamics |- |states |that |energy |can |neither |be |created |nor |destroyed |by |ordinary |
processes
second |law |of |thermodynamics |- |states |that |when |energy |is |converted |from |one |form |to |another |the |
amount |of |useful |energy |decreases
entropy |- |tendency |towards |loss |of |complexity, |order, |and |useful |energy |and |the |increase |of |
randomness, |disorder, |and |less-useful |energy.
chemical |reaction |- |a |process |that |creates |or |breaks |chemical |bonds |between |atoms |and |converts |
reactants |into |products.
exergonic |reaction |- |releases |energy
endergonic |reaction |- |requires |energy
, energy |carrier |molecules |- |have |high |energy |and |are |unstable |molecules |synthesized |at |the |site |of |an |
exergonic |reaction |that |cannot |be |used |for |long-term |storage
ATP |- |principle |energy |carrier |in |cells
catalysts |- |speed |up |reactions |by |lowering |the |activation |energy |but |are |not |consumed |or |
permanantly |changed |by |reactions
enzymes |- |biological |catalysts |composed |of |proteins.
substrates |- |reactants |are |also |called
coenzymes |- |non-protein |molecules |that |help |some |reactions |occur.
loctose |intolerance |- |this |is |when |a |person |loses |the |ability |to |digest |lactose |in |early |childhood |
because |their |body |stops |producing |lactase
metabolic |pathways |- |many |reactions |are |linked |in |sequences |called
pepsin |- |an |inactive |form |of |an |enzyme |that |digests |proteins. |It |is |secreted |into |the |stomach
trypsin |- |a |protein |digesting |enzyme |synthesized |in |an |inactive |form |and |secreted |into |the |small |
intestine
competitive |inhibiton |- |this |is |where |the |inhibitor |binds |to |the |active |site
noncompetitive |inhibition |- |this |is |when |the |inhibitor |binds |to |a |site |different |from |the |active |site |
because |it |is |distorted
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answers
Energy |- |ability |to |do |work
Work |- |transfer |of |energy |to |an |object |causing |it |to |move
chemical |energy |- |energy |contained |within |a |molecule |such |as |glycogen |or |fat, |is |released |by |
chemical |reactions, |converted |to |ATP, |and |used |to |do |work.
potential |energy |- |stored |energy |that |has |the |potential |to |do |work
kinetic |energy |- |energy |of |movement
first |law |of |thermodynamics |- |states |that |energy |can |neither |be |created |nor |destroyed |by |ordinary |
processes
second |law |of |thermodynamics |- |states |that |when |energy |is |converted |from |one |form |to |another |the |
amount |of |useful |energy |decreases
entropy |- |tendency |towards |loss |of |complexity, |order, |and |useful |energy |and |the |increase |of |
randomness, |disorder, |and |less-useful |energy.
chemical |reaction |- |a |process |that |creates |or |breaks |chemical |bonds |between |atoms |and |converts |
reactants |into |products.
exergonic |reaction |- |releases |energy
endergonic |reaction |- |requires |energy
, energy |carrier |molecules |- |have |high |energy |and |are |unstable |molecules |synthesized |at |the |site |of |an |
exergonic |reaction |that |cannot |be |used |for |long-term |storage
ATP |- |principle |energy |carrier |in |cells
catalysts |- |speed |up |reactions |by |lowering |the |activation |energy |but |are |not |consumed |or |
permanantly |changed |by |reactions
enzymes |- |biological |catalysts |composed |of |proteins.
substrates |- |reactants |are |also |called
coenzymes |- |non-protein |molecules |that |help |some |reactions |occur.
loctose |intolerance |- |this |is |when |a |person |loses |the |ability |to |digest |lactose |in |early |childhood |
because |their |body |stops |producing |lactase
metabolic |pathways |- |many |reactions |are |linked |in |sequences |called
pepsin |- |an |inactive |form |of |an |enzyme |that |digests |proteins. |It |is |secreted |into |the |stomach
trypsin |- |a |protein |digesting |enzyme |synthesized |in |an |inactive |form |and |secreted |into |the |small |
intestine
competitive |inhibiton |- |this |is |where |the |inhibitor |binds |to |the |active |site
noncompetitive |inhibition |- |this |is |when |the |inhibitor |binds |to |a |site |different |from |the |active |site |
because |it |is |distorted
