Bipedalism and
The human skeleton
, The skeleton:
Axial skeleton: skull, sternum, ribs, spinal column
Appendicular skeleton: pectoral girdle, arms + legs, pelvic
girdle
Arm and legs = long bones
Skull: cranium Ball and socket
Pivot joint - joint (nearly 360)
atlas + axis
-
Glenoid cavity
Posterior (head of
Anterior
Pivot joint -
Facial bones: humerus)
Between humerus and
Maxilla + mandible
radius Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
- Pectoral
Girdle
Radius Sternum
Ulna
Vertebral column Hinge joint (180
33 vertebrae separated by cartilaginous
movement) between
discs (shock absorbers)
Ilium humerus and ulna
Carpals (8)
Coccyx
Pelvic
Metacarpals (5) Sacrum Condyloid joint
girdle
- base of wrist
Phalanges
Pubis
I Condyloid joint - base of
Plane joint -
between carpals
Femur fingers between metacarpals
Ball and socket - Hinge joint - phalanges
and phalanges
acetabulum (hip socket)
Patella
Hinge joint
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
(ankle) Tarsals (7) Calcaneus (heel)
Metatarsals (5) largest foot bone
Phalanges
Synovial joints - double layered
Joints: where two or more bones meet
articular capsule.
Functions - hold skeleton together and give mobility
• fluid filled cavity
surrounding bones, freely
-
=
Fibrous joint movable. Eg limbs.
• held together by fibrous tissue types
immovable eg. Cranium Prince - plane
Cartilaginous joint Harry - hinge
• held together by cartilage, Pulled - pivot
partially movable Charles - condyloid
• Eg. Joints between vertebrae Saddle - saddle
and pubic symphysis in pelvis Bag - ball and socket
The human skeleton
, The skeleton:
Axial skeleton: skull, sternum, ribs, spinal column
Appendicular skeleton: pectoral girdle, arms + legs, pelvic
girdle
Arm and legs = long bones
Skull: cranium Ball and socket
Pivot joint - joint (nearly 360)
atlas + axis
-
Glenoid cavity
Posterior (head of
Anterior
Pivot joint -
Facial bones: humerus)
Between humerus and
Maxilla + mandible
radius Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
- Pectoral
Girdle
Radius Sternum
Ulna
Vertebral column Hinge joint (180
33 vertebrae separated by cartilaginous
movement) between
discs (shock absorbers)
Ilium humerus and ulna
Carpals (8)
Coccyx
Pelvic
Metacarpals (5) Sacrum Condyloid joint
girdle
- base of wrist
Phalanges
Pubis
I Condyloid joint - base of
Plane joint -
between carpals
Femur fingers between metacarpals
Ball and socket - Hinge joint - phalanges
and phalanges
acetabulum (hip socket)
Patella
Hinge joint
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
(ankle) Tarsals (7) Calcaneus (heel)
Metatarsals (5) largest foot bone
Phalanges
Synovial joints - double layered
Joints: where two or more bones meet
articular capsule.
Functions - hold skeleton together and give mobility
• fluid filled cavity
surrounding bones, freely
-
=
Fibrous joint movable. Eg limbs.
• held together by fibrous tissue types
immovable eg. Cranium Prince - plane
Cartilaginous joint Harry - hinge
• held together by cartilage, Pulled - pivot
partially movable Charles - condyloid
• Eg. Joints between vertebrae Saddle - saddle
and pubic symphysis in pelvis Bag - ball and socket
