NU 325- Exam 4 with 117 complete
solutions.
NU 325- Exam 4 with 117 complete
solutions.
Nociceptive pain (NP) - ANSWER o specialized nerve endings located in the cutaneous and deep
musculoskeletal tissue that detect painful stimuli from the periphery and communicate this information
to the CNS
o Nociceptors carry pain signal to the CNS by two primary sensory (afferent) fibers: Aδ and C fibers
o NP starts outside of the nervous system from actual or potential tissue damage. It has 4 phases.
Know the 4 phases of Nociception - ANSWER o Transduction
o Transmission
o Perception
o Modulation
Transduction - ANSWER noxious stimulus takes place in periphery
Transmission - ANSWER pain impulse moves from spinal cord to brain
Perception - ANSWER conscious awareness of painful sensation
Modulation - ANSWER inhibition of pain message
neuropathic pain (NEP) - ANSWER o results from an abnormal processing of the pain message from an
injury to nerve fibers
o Pain is described as: Constant dull ache, Burning, Stabbing, Electric shock, Tingling
o Much more difficult to assess and treat
,NU 325- Exam 4 with 117 complete
solutions.
o Nociceptive pain can develop into Neuropathic pain if poorly controlled
what can cause neuropathic pain - ANSWER diabetes mellitus, shingles (herpes zoster), HIV/AIDS,
sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, phantom limb pain, chemotherapy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, tumor
visceral pain - ANSWER originates from larger internal organs (stomach, intestine, gallbladder,
pancreas); described as dull, deep, squeezing, or cramping
pain impulses transmitted along the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
deep somatic pain - ANSWER comes from blood vessels, joints, tendons, muscles, bone; may result from
pressure, trauma, or ischemia
- pain feels aching or throbbing
cutaneous pain - ANSWER derived from skin surface and subQ tissues
pain feels sharp, superficial, burning
referred pain - ANSWER pain felt in a site different from pain origin (pain is referred to where the organ
was located in fetal development)
(Ex. Appendix felt in umbilical region)
Acute pain - ANSWER Short-term self limiting; often follows a predictable trajectory and dissipates after
an injury heals
-Serves as a protective measure
-Ceases after an injury heals
, NU 325- Exam 4 with 117 complete
solutions.
ex. surgery, trauma, kidney stones
Chronic (persistent) pain - ANSWER Greater than 6 months
- malignant or non-malignant
Recognize nonverbal behaviors associated with pain - ANSWER guarding, grimacing, moaning, agitation,
restlessness, stillness, diaphoresis, change in vital signs
developmental variations in pain for the aging adult - ANSWER pain is a common experience among
65yo and older, but is not normal
Understand the physiologic effect of pain on vital signs - ANSWER cardiac (tachycardia, increased BP)
pulmonary (hypoventilation, hypoxia, atelectasis)
gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting)
renal (oliguria, urinary retention)
musculoskeletal (spasms, joint stiffness)
central nervous system (fear, anxiety, fatigue)
immune (impaired wound healing)
developmental variations in pain for the infant - ANSWER changes in facial activity and body movements
may help in deciphering pain in infants; CRIES score is a tool for postoperative pain in neonates; FLACC is
another tool used
how to test cerebellum - ANSWER -Rhomberg's: swaying side to side while standing and eyes closed
-Finger-to-nose ("point to point") testing
-Heel-knee-shin
-Rapid Alternating Movements in UE & LE
solutions.
NU 325- Exam 4 with 117 complete
solutions.
Nociceptive pain (NP) - ANSWER o specialized nerve endings located in the cutaneous and deep
musculoskeletal tissue that detect painful stimuli from the periphery and communicate this information
to the CNS
o Nociceptors carry pain signal to the CNS by two primary sensory (afferent) fibers: Aδ and C fibers
o NP starts outside of the nervous system from actual or potential tissue damage. It has 4 phases.
Know the 4 phases of Nociception - ANSWER o Transduction
o Transmission
o Perception
o Modulation
Transduction - ANSWER noxious stimulus takes place in periphery
Transmission - ANSWER pain impulse moves from spinal cord to brain
Perception - ANSWER conscious awareness of painful sensation
Modulation - ANSWER inhibition of pain message
neuropathic pain (NEP) - ANSWER o results from an abnormal processing of the pain message from an
injury to nerve fibers
o Pain is described as: Constant dull ache, Burning, Stabbing, Electric shock, Tingling
o Much more difficult to assess and treat
,NU 325- Exam 4 with 117 complete
solutions.
o Nociceptive pain can develop into Neuropathic pain if poorly controlled
what can cause neuropathic pain - ANSWER diabetes mellitus, shingles (herpes zoster), HIV/AIDS,
sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, phantom limb pain, chemotherapy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, tumor
visceral pain - ANSWER originates from larger internal organs (stomach, intestine, gallbladder,
pancreas); described as dull, deep, squeezing, or cramping
pain impulses transmitted along the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
deep somatic pain - ANSWER comes from blood vessels, joints, tendons, muscles, bone; may result from
pressure, trauma, or ischemia
- pain feels aching or throbbing
cutaneous pain - ANSWER derived from skin surface and subQ tissues
pain feels sharp, superficial, burning
referred pain - ANSWER pain felt in a site different from pain origin (pain is referred to where the organ
was located in fetal development)
(Ex. Appendix felt in umbilical region)
Acute pain - ANSWER Short-term self limiting; often follows a predictable trajectory and dissipates after
an injury heals
-Serves as a protective measure
-Ceases after an injury heals
, NU 325- Exam 4 with 117 complete
solutions.
ex. surgery, trauma, kidney stones
Chronic (persistent) pain - ANSWER Greater than 6 months
- malignant or non-malignant
Recognize nonverbal behaviors associated with pain - ANSWER guarding, grimacing, moaning, agitation,
restlessness, stillness, diaphoresis, change in vital signs
developmental variations in pain for the aging adult - ANSWER pain is a common experience among
65yo and older, but is not normal
Understand the physiologic effect of pain on vital signs - ANSWER cardiac (tachycardia, increased BP)
pulmonary (hypoventilation, hypoxia, atelectasis)
gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting)
renal (oliguria, urinary retention)
musculoskeletal (spasms, joint stiffness)
central nervous system (fear, anxiety, fatigue)
immune (impaired wound healing)
developmental variations in pain for the infant - ANSWER changes in facial activity and body movements
may help in deciphering pain in infants; CRIES score is a tool for postoperative pain in neonates; FLACC is
another tool used
how to test cerebellum - ANSWER -Rhomberg's: swaying side to side while standing and eyes closed
-Finger-to-nose ("point to point") testing
-Heel-knee-shin
-Rapid Alternating Movements in UE & LE
