BIOLOGY 1500 EXAM #5 (NATHAN
MILLS) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
how is carbon obtained - ANSWER-from carbon dioxide in the air via stomata in the
leaves
what does carbon form - ANSWER-the backbone of all the macromolecules
how is oxygen obtained - ANSWER--from O2 and CO2 in the air via stomata in the
leaves
-from water in the soil via roots
what is oxygen used as - ANSWER--an electron acceptor during respiration
-a structural atom in all the macromolecules
how are hydrogen, nitrogen, & other nutrients obtained - ANSWER-through the
roots; they dissolved in water in the soil
what are hydrogen, nitrogen, & other nutrients used as - ANSWER-structural atoms
in some of the macromolecules
what can there be trade-offs between in plants - ANSWER-obtaining energy,
nutrients, and water
what are heterotrophs? - ANSWER-organisms that must obtain nourishment w from
other organisms
types of heterotrophs - ANSWER-predators
saprotrophs
what are predators - ANSWER-organisms that attack and consume another
organism (the prey) that is alive at the time of the initial attack
types of predators - ANSWER-true predators
grazers
parasites
parasitoids
what are true predators - ANSWER-attack many, kill immediately
what are grazers - ANSWER-attack many, rarely kill
what are parasites - ANSWER-attack few, rarely kill
what are parasitoids - ANSWER-attack few, kill slowly
, what are saprotrophs - ANSWER-organisms that consume another organism (or
portion of) that is dead at the time of attack
what is oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER-transfer of energy from electron
carriers to ATP
what is electron transport - ANSWER-movement of high-energy electrons through a
series of redox reactions to create an H+ gradient
location of electron transport - ANSWER-inner membrane of mitochondria
input of electron transport - ANSWER-NADH
FADH2
O2
output of electron transport - ANSWER-NAD+
FAD
H2O
what is chemiosmosis - ANSWER-flow of H+ along its electrochemical gradient to
produce ATP
what is electrochemical gradient - ANSWER-from the intermembrane space to the
matrix via ATP synthase
location of chemiosmosis - ANSWER-inner membrane of mitchondria
input of chemiosmosis - ANSWER-ADP
output of chemiosmosis - ANSWER-26-28 ATP
what can be used to generate ATP when there is no oxygen - ANSWER-
fermentation
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are connected to - ANSWER-many other
metabolic pathways
what are autotrophs? - ANSWER-organisms capable of synthesizing complex
organic molecules from CO2 & other simple inorganic molecules using energy from a
non-biological source
what are the primary autotrophs on land?
in water? - ANSWER-land: plants
water: algae
how do autotrophs generally obtain energy
what is another way? - ANSWER-photosynthesis
chemosynthesis
autotrophs that use photosynthesis to obtain energy - ANSWER-photoautotrophs
MILLS) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
how is carbon obtained - ANSWER-from carbon dioxide in the air via stomata in the
leaves
what does carbon form - ANSWER-the backbone of all the macromolecules
how is oxygen obtained - ANSWER--from O2 and CO2 in the air via stomata in the
leaves
-from water in the soil via roots
what is oxygen used as - ANSWER--an electron acceptor during respiration
-a structural atom in all the macromolecules
how are hydrogen, nitrogen, & other nutrients obtained - ANSWER-through the
roots; they dissolved in water in the soil
what are hydrogen, nitrogen, & other nutrients used as - ANSWER-structural atoms
in some of the macromolecules
what can there be trade-offs between in plants - ANSWER-obtaining energy,
nutrients, and water
what are heterotrophs? - ANSWER-organisms that must obtain nourishment w from
other organisms
types of heterotrophs - ANSWER-predators
saprotrophs
what are predators - ANSWER-organisms that attack and consume another
organism (the prey) that is alive at the time of the initial attack
types of predators - ANSWER-true predators
grazers
parasites
parasitoids
what are true predators - ANSWER-attack many, kill immediately
what are grazers - ANSWER-attack many, rarely kill
what are parasites - ANSWER-attack few, rarely kill
what are parasitoids - ANSWER-attack few, kill slowly
, what are saprotrophs - ANSWER-organisms that consume another organism (or
portion of) that is dead at the time of attack
what is oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER-transfer of energy from electron
carriers to ATP
what is electron transport - ANSWER-movement of high-energy electrons through a
series of redox reactions to create an H+ gradient
location of electron transport - ANSWER-inner membrane of mitochondria
input of electron transport - ANSWER-NADH
FADH2
O2
output of electron transport - ANSWER-NAD+
FAD
H2O
what is chemiosmosis - ANSWER-flow of H+ along its electrochemical gradient to
produce ATP
what is electrochemical gradient - ANSWER-from the intermembrane space to the
matrix via ATP synthase
location of chemiosmosis - ANSWER-inner membrane of mitchondria
input of chemiosmosis - ANSWER-ADP
output of chemiosmosis - ANSWER-26-28 ATP
what can be used to generate ATP when there is no oxygen - ANSWER-
fermentation
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are connected to - ANSWER-many other
metabolic pathways
what are autotrophs? - ANSWER-organisms capable of synthesizing complex
organic molecules from CO2 & other simple inorganic molecules using energy from a
non-biological source
what are the primary autotrophs on land?
in water? - ANSWER-land: plants
water: algae
how do autotrophs generally obtain energy
what is another way? - ANSWER-photosynthesis
chemosynthesis
autotrophs that use photosynthesis to obtain energy - ANSWER-photoautotrophs
