NR 508 Pharm Week 3 Chamberlain latest updated
exam with expert solutions + Rationales
1. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a central
part of the treatment of heart failure because they have more
than one action to address the pathological changes in this
,disorder. Which of the following pathological changes in heart
failure is NOT addressed by ACE inhibitors?
1. Changes in the structure of the left ventricle so that it
dilates, hypertro- phies, and uses energy less efficiently.
2. Reduced formation of cross-bridges so that contractile force
decreases.
3. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system that
increases heart rate and preload.
4. Decreased renal blood flow that decreases oxygen supply to
the kidneys.-
: 3. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system that increases heart
rate and preload.
2. One of the three types of heart failure involves systolic
dysfunction. Po- tential causes of this most common form of
heart failure include:
,1. Myocardial ischemia and injury secondary to myocardial
infarction
2. Inadequate relaxation and loss of muscle fiber secondary
to valvular dysfunction
3. Increased demands of the heart beyond its ability to adapt
secondary to anemia
4. Slower filling rate and elevated systolic pressures secondary
to uncon- trolled hypertension: 1. Myocardial ischemia and injury
secondary to myocardial infarction
3. The American Heart Association and the American College of
Cardiology have devised a classification system for heart
failure that can be used to direct treatment. Patients with
symptoms and underlying disease are classi- fied as stage:
1. A
2. B
, 3. C
4. D: 3. C
5. Diagnosis of heart failure cannot be made by symptoms
alone because many disorders share the same symptoms. The
most specific and sensitive diagnostic test for heart failure is:
1. Chest x-rays that show cephalization and measure heart
size
2. Two-dimensional echocardiograms that identify structural
anomalies and cardiac dysfunction
3. Complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, and serum
electrolytes that facilitate staging for end-organ damage
exam with expert solutions + Rationales
1. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a central
part of the treatment of heart failure because they have more
than one action to address the pathological changes in this
,disorder. Which of the following pathological changes in heart
failure is NOT addressed by ACE inhibitors?
1. Changes in the structure of the left ventricle so that it
dilates, hypertro- phies, and uses energy less efficiently.
2. Reduced formation of cross-bridges so that contractile force
decreases.
3. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system that
increases heart rate and preload.
4. Decreased renal blood flow that decreases oxygen supply to
the kidneys.-
: 3. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system that increases heart
rate and preload.
2. One of the three types of heart failure involves systolic
dysfunction. Po- tential causes of this most common form of
heart failure include:
,1. Myocardial ischemia and injury secondary to myocardial
infarction
2. Inadequate relaxation and loss of muscle fiber secondary
to valvular dysfunction
3. Increased demands of the heart beyond its ability to adapt
secondary to anemia
4. Slower filling rate and elevated systolic pressures secondary
to uncon- trolled hypertension: 1. Myocardial ischemia and injury
secondary to myocardial infarction
3. The American Heart Association and the American College of
Cardiology have devised a classification system for heart
failure that can be used to direct treatment. Patients with
symptoms and underlying disease are classi- fied as stage:
1. A
2. B
, 3. C
4. D: 3. C
5. Diagnosis of heart failure cannot be made by symptoms
alone because many disorders share the same symptoms. The
most specific and sensitive diagnostic test for heart failure is:
1. Chest x-rays that show cephalization and measure heart
size
2. Two-dimensional echocardiograms that identify structural
anomalies and cardiac dysfunction
3. Complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, and serum
electrolytes that facilitate staging for end-organ damage
