NUR 414 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What does the endocrine system control? - Answers - the endocrine system controls
and regulates metabolism, energy production, growth, fluid and electrolyte balance,
response to stress, and sexual reproduction
What does the endocrine control in kiddos? - Answers - The development of
reproductive organs
What is negative feedback? - Answers - A response to a change in the body that
counteracts or opposes the initial change.
What is the pituitary gland? - Answers - The master gland, it is attached to the
hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum. It has two major portions: the anterior
lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).
What does the anterior pituitary secrete? - Answers - Growth hormone, thyroid-
stimulating hormone or thyrotropin (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL)
What does the posterior pituitary secrete? - Answers - ADH and oxytocin
During the history and assessment of children what information is important to gather in
order to catch a endocrine/pituitary malfunction? - Answers - Review of systems
Genetics
Family History
Prenatal care
Growth
proportioate appearance
Genitalia
Facial, axillary, body hair
Skin
Thyroid
Dysmorphic features
Muscle Tone
Overall appearance
What can cause pituitary hypofunction - Answers - idiopathic
developmental defects
trauma
autoimmune
What complications are associated with pituitary hypofunction - Answers -
Gonadotropin deficiency: absence or regression of secondary sexual characteristics
GH defiency: stunted growth
TSH deficiency: hypothyroidism
, Corticotropin deficiency: adrenal hypofunction
What constitutes short stature? - Answers - variation of normal, genetic (short
parents), likely normal growth trends, and proportionate features/growth
What constitutes growth hormone deficiency? - Answers - Normal growth in the first
year then slowed growth and curve below the 3rd percentile, emotional problems not
uncommon, delayed bone age, delayed puberty
Growth Hormone Deficiency:
Treatment
Nursing Care - Answers - Treatment:
- hormone replacement therapy: Recombinant GH- weekly SQ injections
- treatment of any underlying lesion (if deficiency caused by pituitary tumor)
Nursing care:
- monitor growth velocity
- teach how to give SQ injections
- give medication at night
What can cause pituitary hyperfunction and what are some compliations of this? -
Answers - Causes: tumor or lesion
Complications: excess GH- overgrowth of long and transverse bones
- acromegaly
What is acromegaly? - Answers - abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face,
caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
precocious puberty - Answers - premature onset of puberty with the appearance of
secondary sex characteristics in young children
- evaluated by endocrinology specialist
diagnosed? MRI of the brain
Treatment:
- monitor growth carefully if no organic cause
- monthly injections of LH-releasing horome analog or long acting injection that can last
up to 3 month
(prevents the secretion of LSH until they reach normal age)
Hypopituitarism - Answers - growth hormone deficiency
- Diminished or deficient secretion of pituitary hormones with delayed bone age and
weight to height ratio disparities
*delay in sexual maturity*
Diagnosis: endocrine tests, skeletal surveys, GH
*blood tested between 6-8 am*
Treatment: growth hormone replacement
Nursing: Identify- headache (tumor)
Support for regime
What does the endocrine system control? - Answers - the endocrine system controls
and regulates metabolism, energy production, growth, fluid and electrolyte balance,
response to stress, and sexual reproduction
What does the endocrine control in kiddos? - Answers - The development of
reproductive organs
What is negative feedback? - Answers - A response to a change in the body that
counteracts or opposes the initial change.
What is the pituitary gland? - Answers - The master gland, it is attached to the
hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum. It has two major portions: the anterior
lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).
What does the anterior pituitary secrete? - Answers - Growth hormone, thyroid-
stimulating hormone or thyrotropin (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL)
What does the posterior pituitary secrete? - Answers - ADH and oxytocin
During the history and assessment of children what information is important to gather in
order to catch a endocrine/pituitary malfunction? - Answers - Review of systems
Genetics
Family History
Prenatal care
Growth
proportioate appearance
Genitalia
Facial, axillary, body hair
Skin
Thyroid
Dysmorphic features
Muscle Tone
Overall appearance
What can cause pituitary hypofunction - Answers - idiopathic
developmental defects
trauma
autoimmune
What complications are associated with pituitary hypofunction - Answers -
Gonadotropin deficiency: absence or regression of secondary sexual characteristics
GH defiency: stunted growth
TSH deficiency: hypothyroidism
, Corticotropin deficiency: adrenal hypofunction
What constitutes short stature? - Answers - variation of normal, genetic (short
parents), likely normal growth trends, and proportionate features/growth
What constitutes growth hormone deficiency? - Answers - Normal growth in the first
year then slowed growth and curve below the 3rd percentile, emotional problems not
uncommon, delayed bone age, delayed puberty
Growth Hormone Deficiency:
Treatment
Nursing Care - Answers - Treatment:
- hormone replacement therapy: Recombinant GH- weekly SQ injections
- treatment of any underlying lesion (if deficiency caused by pituitary tumor)
Nursing care:
- monitor growth velocity
- teach how to give SQ injections
- give medication at night
What can cause pituitary hyperfunction and what are some compliations of this? -
Answers - Causes: tumor or lesion
Complications: excess GH- overgrowth of long and transverse bones
- acromegaly
What is acromegaly? - Answers - abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face,
caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
precocious puberty - Answers - premature onset of puberty with the appearance of
secondary sex characteristics in young children
- evaluated by endocrinology specialist
diagnosed? MRI of the brain
Treatment:
- monitor growth carefully if no organic cause
- monthly injections of LH-releasing horome analog or long acting injection that can last
up to 3 month
(prevents the secretion of LSH until they reach normal age)
Hypopituitarism - Answers - growth hormone deficiency
- Diminished or deficient secretion of pituitary hormones with delayed bone age and
weight to height ratio disparities
*delay in sexual maturity*
Diagnosis: endocrine tests, skeletal surveys, GH
*blood tested between 6-8 am*
Treatment: growth hormone replacement
Nursing: Identify- headache (tumor)
Support for regime
