PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COMBINED EXAMS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
1. A 23-year-old diabetic has a pressure sore on his foot resulting from poor
circulation. the wound has large chunks of dead black tissue. you know the dead
tissue present in the wound is due to ____ of the tissue and is called ____ -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- hypoxia/necrosis
2. A 45-year-old man has just finished working in the hot sun without drinking
anything and comes to your clinic. He is acting confused, has a tremor in his
hand, and cannot remember where he parked his car. after an exam, you
anticipate he is suffering from ____ and will require _____ - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- hypernatremia/fluid replacement
3. a mother tells you that she has hemophilia A and must take shots. the father is
unaffected. you know this is a genetic disease characterized by a clotting factor
VIII deficiency. being an X-linked recessive disorder, you know her son will have
what % chance of having the disease - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 100%
4. a young woman comes to your office with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. she
states she has been unable to control her thyroid with medicine. after a series of
tests, you believe she may be suffering from a hypersensitivity disorder
producing cellular dysfunction by stimulating the thyroid. which type of
hypersensitivity would produce these symptoms - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
type 2
5. during the course of HIV infection, as the viral load increases, the CD4+ count -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- decreases
6. humans have 46 ____ which are made up of ____. copies of these are called
_____, which can be dominant or recessive - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
chromosomes/genes/alleles
1
,7. in AIDS, fever, chronic diarrhea, weakness and weight loss > 10% are clinical
manifestations of - CORRECT-ANSWERS- HIV wasting syndrome
8. in acute inflammation there is infiltration of the area by which type of white blood
cell - CORRECT-ANSWERS- neutrophils
9. in order to be diagnosed with AIDS, a patient must possess these 3 things -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- HIV virus, low CD4 count, AIDS defining illness
10. joe has von willebrand's disease, an autosomal dominant disorder. for his son
(don) to be inherit the disorder which of the following must be true - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- don must inherit the defective gene from joe (his father)
11. hyperplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the enlargement of an organ or tissue
based on the rapid reproduction of cells
12. metaplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERS- change of cell tissue type from one type
of tissue to another
13. dysplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERS- abnormal growth or development of a
type of tissue
14. hypertrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the enlargement in the size of the cells
of tissue based on an increase in the size of its cells
15. the characterized, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- redness
16. what is the chance that a mother who is a carrier of an x-linked recessive disease
will produce a carrier daughter - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 50%
2
, 17. which immunoglobulin is found on mast cells in tissues and starts an
inflammation response in response to an allergen - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
IgE
18. which symptom of high potassium is the most life threatening and must be
addressed immediately - CORRECT-ANSWERS- ECG changes
19. your mom is in the garden and is stung by a bee. she is allergic to bee stings. her
body will respond to the sting by release ____ in response to ___ due to a type
____ hypersensitivity - CORRECT-ANSWERS- histamine/IgE/1
20. your patient is complaining about edema in their legs. they have liver disease
and do not produce much albumin. you know that albumin is a collloid in the
blood that helps control edema through the action of - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
capillary oncotic pressure
21. what leukocyte works hardest when you receive a vacciantion - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- B-lymphocyte
22. your patient is experiencing chest pain. you look up their labs and find the results
of Na=130, K=2.8, Ca=14, Mag=2.0; which abnormal lab would be a priority for
treatment - CORRECT-ANSWERS- K
23. your sister is going on a trip to southern africa and is required to get a series of
immunoglobulin shots to protect her form infection while on her trip. you know the
type of immunity afforded by the shots is known as - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
passive immunity
24. ____ is the immunoglobulin that rises during acute illness.___ is the
immunoglobulin that remains elevated after disease to confer long-term immunity
- CORRECT-ANSWERS- IgM/IgG
3
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
1. A 23-year-old diabetic has a pressure sore on his foot resulting from poor
circulation. the wound has large chunks of dead black tissue. you know the dead
tissue present in the wound is due to ____ of the tissue and is called ____ -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- hypoxia/necrosis
2. A 45-year-old man has just finished working in the hot sun without drinking
anything and comes to your clinic. He is acting confused, has a tremor in his
hand, and cannot remember where he parked his car. after an exam, you
anticipate he is suffering from ____ and will require _____ - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- hypernatremia/fluid replacement
3. a mother tells you that she has hemophilia A and must take shots. the father is
unaffected. you know this is a genetic disease characterized by a clotting factor
VIII deficiency. being an X-linked recessive disorder, you know her son will have
what % chance of having the disease - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 100%
4. a young woman comes to your office with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. she
states she has been unable to control her thyroid with medicine. after a series of
tests, you believe she may be suffering from a hypersensitivity disorder
producing cellular dysfunction by stimulating the thyroid. which type of
hypersensitivity would produce these symptoms - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
type 2
5. during the course of HIV infection, as the viral load increases, the CD4+ count -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- decreases
6. humans have 46 ____ which are made up of ____. copies of these are called
_____, which can be dominant or recessive - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
chromosomes/genes/alleles
1
,7. in AIDS, fever, chronic diarrhea, weakness and weight loss > 10% are clinical
manifestations of - CORRECT-ANSWERS- HIV wasting syndrome
8. in acute inflammation there is infiltration of the area by which type of white blood
cell - CORRECT-ANSWERS- neutrophils
9. in order to be diagnosed with AIDS, a patient must possess these 3 things -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- HIV virus, low CD4 count, AIDS defining illness
10. joe has von willebrand's disease, an autosomal dominant disorder. for his son
(don) to be inherit the disorder which of the following must be true - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- don must inherit the defective gene from joe (his father)
11. hyperplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the enlargement of an organ or tissue
based on the rapid reproduction of cells
12. metaplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERS- change of cell tissue type from one type
of tissue to another
13. dysplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERS- abnormal growth or development of a
type of tissue
14. hypertrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the enlargement in the size of the cells
of tissue based on an increase in the size of its cells
15. the characterized, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- redness
16. what is the chance that a mother who is a carrier of an x-linked recessive disease
will produce a carrier daughter - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 50%
2
, 17. which immunoglobulin is found on mast cells in tissues and starts an
inflammation response in response to an allergen - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
IgE
18. which symptom of high potassium is the most life threatening and must be
addressed immediately - CORRECT-ANSWERS- ECG changes
19. your mom is in the garden and is stung by a bee. she is allergic to bee stings. her
body will respond to the sting by release ____ in response to ___ due to a type
____ hypersensitivity - CORRECT-ANSWERS- histamine/IgE/1
20. your patient is complaining about edema in their legs. they have liver disease
and do not produce much albumin. you know that albumin is a collloid in the
blood that helps control edema through the action of - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
capillary oncotic pressure
21. what leukocyte works hardest when you receive a vacciantion - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- B-lymphocyte
22. your patient is experiencing chest pain. you look up their labs and find the results
of Na=130, K=2.8, Ca=14, Mag=2.0; which abnormal lab would be a priority for
treatment - CORRECT-ANSWERS- K
23. your sister is going on a trip to southern africa and is required to get a series of
immunoglobulin shots to protect her form infection while on her trip. you know the
type of immunity afforded by the shots is known as - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
passive immunity
24. ____ is the immunoglobulin that rises during acute illness.___ is the
immunoglobulin that remains elevated after disease to confer long-term immunity
- CORRECT-ANSWERS- IgM/IgG
3
