Chapter 16: The Immune System: Adaptive Immunity
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A microbe is ingested and broken into fragments by an antigen-presenting cell (APC). Which of the
following would you expect to occur?
a. B cells will bind to antigens on the surface of the APC.
b. B cells will release cytokines to activate T cells.
c. Plasma cells will release cytokines to activate the APC.
d. T cells will bind to antigens on the surface of the APC.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1a Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and
T cells in those systems. MSC: Applying
2. What step would have preceded the figure shown?
a. The B cell would have recognized antigen bound to an antigen-presenting cell.
b. The T cell would have recognized antigen bound to an antigen-presenting cell.
c. The B cell would have gone through clonal expansion.
d. The T cell would have differentiated into plasma cells.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1a Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and
T cells in those systems. MSC: Applying
3. The figure shown illustrates clonal expansion of activated B cells. What are the two cell types
produced by this cell line?
, a. plasma cells and memory B cells
b. antigen-presenting cells and memory T cells
c. activated T cells and plasma cells
d. memory B cells and dendritic cells
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1a Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and
T cells in those systems. MSC: Understanding
4. Which of the following statements correctly describes the molecules that elicit an immune response?
a. Antigens are small molecules that must be bound to an immunogen to elicit an immune
response.
b. Small segments of an antigen that elicit an immune response are called epitopes.
c. Haptens are proteins that elicit the synthesis of antibodies and are also known as antigens.
d. Immunogens are small segments of antigens that are recognized by the immune system.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1b Explain the relationships between antigens, epitopes, immunogens, and haptens.
MSC: Understanding
5. Which of the following accurately describes how a foreign molecule leads to the production of
antibody?
a. Individual epitopes on an antigen are recognized and a single antibody is produced for
each epitope.
b. The immune system recognizes whole microbes and responds by secreting a single
antibody against the microbe.
c. The immune system recognizes individual haptens on an antigen and secretes several
antibodies directed against that hapten.
d. Groups of epitopes on an antigen are recognized and a single antibody is produced for
each group.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1b Explain the relationships between antigens, epitopes, immunogens, and haptens.
MSC: Applying
6. The figure shown illustrates a bacterial cell that
a. acts as an antigen.
b. is broken down into many antigens.
, c. is producing antibodies in response to antigens.
d. has a single epitope.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1c Discuss the concept of a clonal immunological response to an epitope.
MSC: Understanding
7. Clonal expansion of B cells occurs when a(n)
a. antigen-presenting cell binds to a single B cell.
b. helper T cell secretes antibody onto a single B cell.
c. single B cell becomes activated when its receptor binds to a single epitope.
d. memory B cell attaches onto an antigen-presenting cell.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1c Discuss the concept of a clonal immunological response to an epitope.
MSC: Applying
8. Which of the following cell types is considered a “nonprofessional” antigen-presenting cell?
a. fibroblast c. dendritic cell
b. macrophage d. B cell
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1d Define antigen presentation and antigen-presenting cell.
MSC: Remembering
9. What is the function of an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?
a. An APC presents antigen to macrophages to stimulate the synthesis of antibodies.
b. An APC presents antigen to B cells to stimulate the formation of memory B cells.
c. An APC presents antigen to memory T cells to stimulate the synthesis of cytokines.
d. An APC presents antigen to helper T cells to activate the T cells during a cellular response.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1d Define antigen presentation and antigen-presenting cell.
MSC: Understanding
10. Which of the following would you expect to elicit the largest production of antibodies?
a. haptens floating freely within plasma
b. a complex protein with many different epitopes
c. a polysaccharide with several identical segments
d. a small lipid
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2
OBJ: 16.2a Describe what makes one antigen more immunogenic than another.
MSC: Analyzing
11. How would you expect an injection of killed or attenuated Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of
typhoid fever, to protect an individual?
a. The injection would cause the individual to have a mild case of typhoid fever, but would
protect against future cases of typhoid fever.
b. The injection would provide antigens recognizable by the immune system and memory
cells would form to prevent typhoid fever in the future.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A microbe is ingested and broken into fragments by an antigen-presenting cell (APC). Which of the
following would you expect to occur?
a. B cells will bind to antigens on the surface of the APC.
b. B cells will release cytokines to activate T cells.
c. Plasma cells will release cytokines to activate the APC.
d. T cells will bind to antigens on the surface of the APC.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1a Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and
T cells in those systems. MSC: Applying
2. What step would have preceded the figure shown?
a. The B cell would have recognized antigen bound to an antigen-presenting cell.
b. The T cell would have recognized antigen bound to an antigen-presenting cell.
c. The B cell would have gone through clonal expansion.
d. The T cell would have differentiated into plasma cells.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1a Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and
T cells in those systems. MSC: Applying
3. The figure shown illustrates clonal expansion of activated B cells. What are the two cell types
produced by this cell line?
, a. plasma cells and memory B cells
b. antigen-presenting cells and memory T cells
c. activated T cells and plasma cells
d. memory B cells and dendritic cells
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1a Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and
T cells in those systems. MSC: Understanding
4. Which of the following statements correctly describes the molecules that elicit an immune response?
a. Antigens are small molecules that must be bound to an immunogen to elicit an immune
response.
b. Small segments of an antigen that elicit an immune response are called epitopes.
c. Haptens are proteins that elicit the synthesis of antibodies and are also known as antigens.
d. Immunogens are small segments of antigens that are recognized by the immune system.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1b Explain the relationships between antigens, epitopes, immunogens, and haptens.
MSC: Understanding
5. Which of the following accurately describes how a foreign molecule leads to the production of
antibody?
a. Individual epitopes on an antigen are recognized and a single antibody is produced for
each epitope.
b. The immune system recognizes whole microbes and responds by secreting a single
antibody against the microbe.
c. The immune system recognizes individual haptens on an antigen and secretes several
antibodies directed against that hapten.
d. Groups of epitopes on an antigen are recognized and a single antibody is produced for
each group.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1b Explain the relationships between antigens, epitopes, immunogens, and haptens.
MSC: Applying
6. The figure shown illustrates a bacterial cell that
a. acts as an antigen.
b. is broken down into many antigens.
, c. is producing antibodies in response to antigens.
d. has a single epitope.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1c Discuss the concept of a clonal immunological response to an epitope.
MSC: Understanding
7. Clonal expansion of B cells occurs when a(n)
a. antigen-presenting cell binds to a single B cell.
b. helper T cell secretes antibody onto a single B cell.
c. single B cell becomes activated when its receptor binds to a single epitope.
d. memory B cell attaches onto an antigen-presenting cell.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1c Discuss the concept of a clonal immunological response to an epitope.
MSC: Applying
8. Which of the following cell types is considered a “nonprofessional” antigen-presenting cell?
a. fibroblast c. dendritic cell
b. macrophage d. B cell
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1d Define antigen presentation and antigen-presenting cell.
MSC: Remembering
9. What is the function of an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?
a. An APC presents antigen to macrophages to stimulate the synthesis of antibodies.
b. An APC presents antigen to B cells to stimulate the formation of memory B cells.
c. An APC presents antigen to memory T cells to stimulate the synthesis of cytokines.
d. An APC presents antigen to helper T cells to activate the T cells during a cellular response.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1
OBJ: 16.1d Define antigen presentation and antigen-presenting cell.
MSC: Understanding
10. Which of the following would you expect to elicit the largest production of antibodies?
a. haptens floating freely within plasma
b. a complex protein with many different epitopes
c. a polysaccharide with several identical segments
d. a small lipid
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2
OBJ: 16.2a Describe what makes one antigen more immunogenic than another.
MSC: Analyzing
11. How would you expect an injection of killed or attenuated Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of
typhoid fever, to protect an individual?
a. The injection would cause the individual to have a mild case of typhoid fever, but would
protect against future cases of typhoid fever.
b. The injection would provide antigens recognizable by the immune system and memory
cells would form to prevent typhoid fever in the future.
