BIO 169 Exam 2 Study Guide questions with
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correct answers |
Describe |the |differences |between |arteries |and |veins |in |terms |of |the |layers |of |the |vessel |wall. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER-1. |Arteries |has |more |thicker |tunica |media
2. |Veins |has |more |thicker |tunica |externa
Describe |the |differences |between |the |three |types |of |capillaries. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-1. |Continuous: |
Endothelial
2. |Fenestrated: |Pores
3. |Sinusoids: |Large |substances
Compare |and |contrast |the |simple |and |alternative |pathways |of |blood |flow. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-A. |
Simple |Pathways: |One |major |artery |delivers |blood |to |region |them |branches |into |smaller |arteries |and |
arterioles. |One |major |Vein |away |blood
B. |Alternative |Pathways:
· |Anastomosis
· |Arterial |anastomosis
· |Venous |anastomosis
· |Arteriovenous |anastomosis
· |Portal |system
Describe |the |pattern |of |blood |flow |in |an |arteriovenous |anastomosis. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-
Arteriovenous |anastomosis: |Blood |goes |directly |from |artery |to |vein |bypassing |capillary |bed
Describe |the |pattern |of |blood |flow |in |a |portal |system. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Portal |system: |Blood |flows
|through |two |capillary |beds |separated |by |a |portal |vein
, How |is |blood |flow |velocity |related |to |total |cross |sectional |area |of |blood |vessels? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-
· |Total |cross |sectional |area: |Estimate |of |sum |of |lumen |diameters |for |all |vessels |of |that |type
· |Blood |flow |velocity: |Rate |of |blood |transported |per |unit |time, |cm |per |second
Define |net |filtration |pressure |and |what |goes |into |calculating |it. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-· |Net |Filtration |
Pressure |(NFP): |Difference |between |net |hydrostatic |pressure |and |net |COP
· |NFP |= |(HPb |- |HPif) |- |(COPb |- |COPif)
Define |myogenic |response. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Myogenic |Response: |Contraction |and |relaxation |of |
smooth |muscle |in |response |to |stretch |of |blood |vessel |wall
What |do |systolic |pressure |and |diastolic |pressure |represent? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-1. |Systolic |pressure: |
Highest, |artery |maximum |stretch, |during |ventricular |systole
2. |Diastolic |pressure: |Lowest, |ventricular |diastole, |after |full |recoil |of |artery
Define |pulse |pressure. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Pulse |pressure: |difference |between |systolic |and |diastolic |
pressures, |difference |in |pressure |placed |on |arteries |from |contraction |to |relaxation
Pulse |pressure |= |Systolic |pressure |- |Diastolic |pressure
Define |mean |arterial |pressure. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Mean |Arterial |Pressure |(MAP): |Mean |measure |of |
force |from |blood |pressure |on |artery, |diastole |lasts |longer |than |systole
Describe |the |factors |that |affect |resistance |to |blood |flow. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Resistance: |friction |due |
to |contact |between |blood |and |vessel |wall, |also |called |peripheral |resistance
- |Viscosity: |blood |thicker |than |water |due |to |formed |elements |and |proteins, |more |viscous |= |more |
resistance
- |Anemia: |lowers |viscosity
- |Vessel |length: |Greater |length |increases |resistance, |weight |gain |could |increase |length
- |Vessel |radius: |Major |effector |of |resistance, |laminar |flow |faster |flow |in |center |than |along |edges, |
dilation |increases |flow
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correct answers |
Describe |the |differences |between |arteries |and |veins |in |terms |of |the |layers |of |the |vessel |wall. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER-1. |Arteries |has |more |thicker |tunica |media
2. |Veins |has |more |thicker |tunica |externa
Describe |the |differences |between |the |three |types |of |capillaries. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-1. |Continuous: |
Endothelial
2. |Fenestrated: |Pores
3. |Sinusoids: |Large |substances
Compare |and |contrast |the |simple |and |alternative |pathways |of |blood |flow. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-A. |
Simple |Pathways: |One |major |artery |delivers |blood |to |region |them |branches |into |smaller |arteries |and |
arterioles. |One |major |Vein |away |blood
B. |Alternative |Pathways:
· |Anastomosis
· |Arterial |anastomosis
· |Venous |anastomosis
· |Arteriovenous |anastomosis
· |Portal |system
Describe |the |pattern |of |blood |flow |in |an |arteriovenous |anastomosis. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-
Arteriovenous |anastomosis: |Blood |goes |directly |from |artery |to |vein |bypassing |capillary |bed
Describe |the |pattern |of |blood |flow |in |a |portal |system. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Portal |system: |Blood |flows
|through |two |capillary |beds |separated |by |a |portal |vein
, How |is |blood |flow |velocity |related |to |total |cross |sectional |area |of |blood |vessels? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-
· |Total |cross |sectional |area: |Estimate |of |sum |of |lumen |diameters |for |all |vessels |of |that |type
· |Blood |flow |velocity: |Rate |of |blood |transported |per |unit |time, |cm |per |second
Define |net |filtration |pressure |and |what |goes |into |calculating |it. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-· |Net |Filtration |
Pressure |(NFP): |Difference |between |net |hydrostatic |pressure |and |net |COP
· |NFP |= |(HPb |- |HPif) |- |(COPb |- |COPif)
Define |myogenic |response. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Myogenic |Response: |Contraction |and |relaxation |of |
smooth |muscle |in |response |to |stretch |of |blood |vessel |wall
What |do |systolic |pressure |and |diastolic |pressure |represent? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-1. |Systolic |pressure: |
Highest, |artery |maximum |stretch, |during |ventricular |systole
2. |Diastolic |pressure: |Lowest, |ventricular |diastole, |after |full |recoil |of |artery
Define |pulse |pressure. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Pulse |pressure: |difference |between |systolic |and |diastolic |
pressures, |difference |in |pressure |placed |on |arteries |from |contraction |to |relaxation
Pulse |pressure |= |Systolic |pressure |- |Diastolic |pressure
Define |mean |arterial |pressure. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Mean |Arterial |Pressure |(MAP): |Mean |measure |of |
force |from |blood |pressure |on |artery, |diastole |lasts |longer |than |systole
Describe |the |factors |that |affect |resistance |to |blood |flow. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Resistance: |friction |due |
to |contact |between |blood |and |vessel |wall, |also |called |peripheral |resistance
- |Viscosity: |blood |thicker |than |water |due |to |formed |elements |and |proteins, |more |viscous |= |more |
resistance
- |Anemia: |lowers |viscosity
- |Vessel |length: |Greater |length |increases |resistance, |weight |gain |could |increase |length
- |Vessel |radius: |Major |effector |of |resistance, |laminar |flow |faster |flow |in |center |than |along |edges, |
dilation |increases |flow
