What are the main products of beta oxidation? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓1
NADH, 1 FADH, 1 Acetyl CoA
So in the case of an 11-year-old girl brought to the emergency department
by her father, he's reporting that she's been very thirsty and needing to
make frequent strips to the bathroom. Today, she reported lightheadedness
during a soccer game and symptoms did not resolve after drinking a power
beverage. A rapid dipstick test revealed glucose in her urine and further
diagnosis are consistent with a diagnosis of type I diabetes. So evaluation
of this girl's liver would reveal an increased rate in which of the
following processes?
A. Fatty Acid Synthesis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Glycolysis
D. Ketogenesis
E. Protein Synthesis ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓D. Ketogenesis
A 5 year old female brought to the Emergency Department by her mother,
and she's a Type 1 diabetic and has not taken her insulin while she's been
away, the child is unresponsive, and we ask the question, which of the
following enzymes is phosphorylated and active under these conditions?
,A. Acetyl- CoA Carboxylase
B. Hormone Sensitive Lipase
C. Glycogen Synthase
D. Phosphofructokinase 2
E. Pyruvate Kinase ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓B. Hormone Sensitive Lipase
An individual goes to bed around 8pm and doesn't wake up until 9am the
next morning. During this time, which of the following is the primary
oxidizable substrate in the skeletal muscle? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Free
Fatty Acids
During the fasted state, lipolysis is facilitated by the action of hormone
sensitive lipase. This enzyme requires which of the following modifications
for activation? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Phosphorylation
A well, 2-year-old girl presents to the clinic with symptoms of a viral
illness. Her parents report she has had bouts of vomiting and diarrhea over
the last 24 hours. This morning they could barely wake her from her crib
and she was very weak. Laboratory tests show low blood glucose
(hypoglycemia) and elevated liver enzymes. There are no ketones in her
urine. The child is hospitalized and glucose is administered by I.V.
Additionally laboratory analysis showed elevated medium-chain fatty acyl
carnitines in blood and 6-8 carbon dicarboxylic acids in the urine. What is
her diagnosis? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓defect of medium-chain
coenzyme A dehydrogenase
, Under fasting conditions (ratio of insulin to glucagon <1), elevated
glucagon will activate which of the following enzymes? ~CORRECT
ANSWER~✓✓Hormone Sensitive Lipase
Ketonuria, hyperglycemia and severe acidosis are prime diagnostic
indicators of the presentation of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the
following compounds are "ketone bodies" that would be elevated in serum
and urine of a patient in this condition? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓D-3-
hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate
In liver, which of the following key inhibitory events ensures that newly
synthesized palmitoyl-CoA is not immediately oxidized? ~CORRECT
ANSWER~✓✓Inhibition of acyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA
In the fasted state, fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the mitochondrial
membrane. The transport of fatty acids via carnitine palmitoyl transferase I
(CPTI) can be directly inhibited by which of the following compounds?
~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Malonyl-CoA
An individual is on a hunger strike and has not eaten in 13 days. Which of
the following best describes their metabolic state? ~CORRECT
ANSWER~✓✓The brain will be preferentially oxidizing ketones
NADH, 1 FADH, 1 Acetyl CoA
So in the case of an 11-year-old girl brought to the emergency department
by her father, he's reporting that she's been very thirsty and needing to
make frequent strips to the bathroom. Today, she reported lightheadedness
during a soccer game and symptoms did not resolve after drinking a power
beverage. A rapid dipstick test revealed glucose in her urine and further
diagnosis are consistent with a diagnosis of type I diabetes. So evaluation
of this girl's liver would reveal an increased rate in which of the
following processes?
A. Fatty Acid Synthesis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Glycolysis
D. Ketogenesis
E. Protein Synthesis ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓D. Ketogenesis
A 5 year old female brought to the Emergency Department by her mother,
and she's a Type 1 diabetic and has not taken her insulin while she's been
away, the child is unresponsive, and we ask the question, which of the
following enzymes is phosphorylated and active under these conditions?
,A. Acetyl- CoA Carboxylase
B. Hormone Sensitive Lipase
C. Glycogen Synthase
D. Phosphofructokinase 2
E. Pyruvate Kinase ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓B. Hormone Sensitive Lipase
An individual goes to bed around 8pm and doesn't wake up until 9am the
next morning. During this time, which of the following is the primary
oxidizable substrate in the skeletal muscle? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Free
Fatty Acids
During the fasted state, lipolysis is facilitated by the action of hormone
sensitive lipase. This enzyme requires which of the following modifications
for activation? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Phosphorylation
A well, 2-year-old girl presents to the clinic with symptoms of a viral
illness. Her parents report she has had bouts of vomiting and diarrhea over
the last 24 hours. This morning they could barely wake her from her crib
and she was very weak. Laboratory tests show low blood glucose
(hypoglycemia) and elevated liver enzymes. There are no ketones in her
urine. The child is hospitalized and glucose is administered by I.V.
Additionally laboratory analysis showed elevated medium-chain fatty acyl
carnitines in blood and 6-8 carbon dicarboxylic acids in the urine. What is
her diagnosis? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓defect of medium-chain
coenzyme A dehydrogenase
, Under fasting conditions (ratio of insulin to glucagon <1), elevated
glucagon will activate which of the following enzymes? ~CORRECT
ANSWER~✓✓Hormone Sensitive Lipase
Ketonuria, hyperglycemia and severe acidosis are prime diagnostic
indicators of the presentation of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the
following compounds are "ketone bodies" that would be elevated in serum
and urine of a patient in this condition? ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓D-3-
hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate
In liver, which of the following key inhibitory events ensures that newly
synthesized palmitoyl-CoA is not immediately oxidized? ~CORRECT
ANSWER~✓✓Inhibition of acyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA
In the fasted state, fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the mitochondrial
membrane. The transport of fatty acids via carnitine palmitoyl transferase I
(CPTI) can be directly inhibited by which of the following compounds?
~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Malonyl-CoA
An individual is on a hunger strike and has not eaten in 13 days. Which of
the following best describes their metabolic state? ~CORRECT
ANSWER~✓✓The brain will be preferentially oxidizing ketones
