2025 SOC 100 Final Exam – Verified Questions & Answers McGinn –
University of Michigan Introduction to Sociology Graded A+
Prejudice |- |answersAn |attitude |that |judges |a |person |according |to |his |or |her |group's |real |or |imagined |
characteristics: |based |on |what |you |think |the |characteristics |of |the |group |are. |These |are |often |untrue
Discrimination |- |answersUnfair |treatment |of |people |because |of |their |group |membership
Race |- |answersA |social |construct |used |to |distinguish |people |in |terms |of |one |or |more |physical |markers
|usually |with |profound |effects |on |their |lives. |Allows |social |inequality |to |be |created |and |perpetuated |
*physical*
Scapegoat |- |answersA |disadvantaged |person |or |category |of |people |that |others |blame |for |their |own |
problems
Ethnic |group |- |answersComprised |of |people |whose |perceived |cultural |markers |are |deemed |socially |
significant. |Differ |from |one |another |in |terms |of |language, |religion, |customs, |values, |ancestors, |and |
more |*cultural*
WASPS |- |answersWhite |Anglo-Saxon |Protestants
Vertical |mosaic |- |answersA |term |used |to |describe |mid-twentieth |century |Canada. |Implies |that |
although |lots |of |different |ethnic |and |racial |groups |lived |in |Canada, |society |was |still |stratified |along |
those |lines |with |WASPS |at |the |top |and |immigrants |of |color |at |the |bottom. |Used |by |John |Porter
Low-Mobility |society |- |answersA |claim |by |John |Porter |that |the |Canadian |value |of |retaining |ethnic |and
|racial |culture |prohibited |the |upward |movement |of |immigrants |in |society
Canada's |Multiculturalism |Policy |- |answersEnacted |in |1982 |in |response |to |a |decline |in |European |
Immigration |and |the |need |for |more |workers. |Emphasizes |a |tolerance |of |ethnic |and |racial |differences |
with |a |focus |on |integrating |new |immigrants |into |Canadian |economic |life |while |encouraging |them |to |
retain |their |culture |and |religion.
Shifts |in |racial |and |ethnic |identities |is |common- |People |redefine |their |race |and |ethnicity |by |how |they |
relate |to |society. |The |development |of |racial |and |ethnic |labels |and |identities |is |a |negotiation |where |
outside |members |impose |an |identity |on |the |group |and |the |group |accepts/rejects/modifies |this |label. |
This |negotiation |is |a |result |of |changing |social |context. |Not |completely |free |to |choose |(biology |and |
culture) |and |groups |in |power |have |more |freedom |to |choose |than |others |- |answersWhat |is |the |
symbolic |interactionist |take |on |race |and |ethnicity?
Symbolic |ethnicity |- |answersNostalgic |allegiance |to |the |culture |of |the |immigrant |generation |or |that |of
|the |old |country |that |is |not |usually |incorporated |in |everyday |behavior |(Ukrainians |making |perogies)
Racism |- |answersThe |belied |that |a |visible |characteristic |of |a |group |such |as |skin |color |indicates |group |
inferiority |and |justifies |discrimination
, Institutional |Racism |- |answersOccurs |when |organizational |policies |and |practices |systematically |
discriminate |against |people |of |some |racial |group |or |groups: |set |into |official |policies |and |practices
Internal |Colonialism |- |answersInvolves |one |race |or |ethnic |group |subjugating |another |in |the |same |
country. |Prevents |assimilation |by |segregating |the |colonized |in |terms |of |jobs, |housing, |and |social |
contacts |eg: |Indigenous |peoples |in |Canada
Expulsion |- |answersThe |forcible |removal |of |a |population |from |a |territory |claimed |by |another |
population
Cultural |genocide |- |answersEliminating |a |groups |culture |and |heritage
Genocide |- |answersThe |intentional |extermination |of |an |entire |population |defined |as |a |race |or |a |
people
Conquest |- |answersThe |forcible |capture |of |land |and |the |economic |and |political |domination |of |its |
inhabitants
The |Quiet |Revolution |- |answersIn |Quebec, |the |separation |of |the |government |from |the |church |in |
response |to |underdeveloped |government |services |(Catholic |church |didn't |modernize. |Happened |in |
1960s
Slavery |- |answersThe |ownership |and |control |of |people |post |colonialism
The |theory |of |the |split |labor |market |- |answersWhere |low-wage |workers |of |one |race |and |high-wage |
workers |of |another |race |compete |for |the |same |jobs, |high-wage |workers |are |likely |to |resent |the |
presence |of |low-wage |competitors |enforcing |racist |attitudes
Head |Tax |- |answersAsian |immigrants |were |seen |as |a |threat |to |British |values |and |institutions. |This |was
|a |fee |invoked |upon |Chinese |immigrants |after |the |CPR |was |constructed |to |prevent |immigration. |Asian
|immigration |was |banned |entirely |in |1923, |then |during |the |great |depression |many |Asian |people |were |
deported. |Immigration |resumed |in |1960s
Economic |- |answersAn |advantage |of |ethnicity |that |allows |for |immigrant |entrepreneurs |to |operate |
largely |within |their |ethnic |community |and |depend |on |them |for |success |of |their |business
Politics |- |answersAn |advantage |of |ethnicity |in |the |sense |that |it |can |be |used |as |a |political |tool |for |
achieving |increased |access |to |resources
Emotional |support |- |answersAn |advantage |of |ethnicity |that |offers |security |in |a |world |that |is |hostile |
(racism): |access |to |collective |identity |and |community
Transnational |communities |- |answersCommunities |whose |boundaries |extend |between |or |among |
countries: |retaining |ties |with |ancestral |homelands |for |support
Diaspera |- |answersTransnational |community |of |Jewish |people
Pluralism |- |answersThe |retention |of |racial |and |ethnic |culture |combined |with |equal |access |to |basic |
social |resources
genocide, |expulsion, |slavery, |segregation, |pluralism, |assimilation |- |answersSix |degrees |of |separation
University of Michigan Introduction to Sociology Graded A+
Prejudice |- |answersAn |attitude |that |judges |a |person |according |to |his |or |her |group's |real |or |imagined |
characteristics: |based |on |what |you |think |the |characteristics |of |the |group |are. |These |are |often |untrue
Discrimination |- |answersUnfair |treatment |of |people |because |of |their |group |membership
Race |- |answersA |social |construct |used |to |distinguish |people |in |terms |of |one |or |more |physical |markers
|usually |with |profound |effects |on |their |lives. |Allows |social |inequality |to |be |created |and |perpetuated |
*physical*
Scapegoat |- |answersA |disadvantaged |person |or |category |of |people |that |others |blame |for |their |own |
problems
Ethnic |group |- |answersComprised |of |people |whose |perceived |cultural |markers |are |deemed |socially |
significant. |Differ |from |one |another |in |terms |of |language, |religion, |customs, |values, |ancestors, |and |
more |*cultural*
WASPS |- |answersWhite |Anglo-Saxon |Protestants
Vertical |mosaic |- |answersA |term |used |to |describe |mid-twentieth |century |Canada. |Implies |that |
although |lots |of |different |ethnic |and |racial |groups |lived |in |Canada, |society |was |still |stratified |along |
those |lines |with |WASPS |at |the |top |and |immigrants |of |color |at |the |bottom. |Used |by |John |Porter
Low-Mobility |society |- |answersA |claim |by |John |Porter |that |the |Canadian |value |of |retaining |ethnic |and
|racial |culture |prohibited |the |upward |movement |of |immigrants |in |society
Canada's |Multiculturalism |Policy |- |answersEnacted |in |1982 |in |response |to |a |decline |in |European |
Immigration |and |the |need |for |more |workers. |Emphasizes |a |tolerance |of |ethnic |and |racial |differences |
with |a |focus |on |integrating |new |immigrants |into |Canadian |economic |life |while |encouraging |them |to |
retain |their |culture |and |religion.
Shifts |in |racial |and |ethnic |identities |is |common- |People |redefine |their |race |and |ethnicity |by |how |they |
relate |to |society. |The |development |of |racial |and |ethnic |labels |and |identities |is |a |negotiation |where |
outside |members |impose |an |identity |on |the |group |and |the |group |accepts/rejects/modifies |this |label. |
This |negotiation |is |a |result |of |changing |social |context. |Not |completely |free |to |choose |(biology |and |
culture) |and |groups |in |power |have |more |freedom |to |choose |than |others |- |answersWhat |is |the |
symbolic |interactionist |take |on |race |and |ethnicity?
Symbolic |ethnicity |- |answersNostalgic |allegiance |to |the |culture |of |the |immigrant |generation |or |that |of
|the |old |country |that |is |not |usually |incorporated |in |everyday |behavior |(Ukrainians |making |perogies)
Racism |- |answersThe |belied |that |a |visible |characteristic |of |a |group |such |as |skin |color |indicates |group |
inferiority |and |justifies |discrimination
, Institutional |Racism |- |answersOccurs |when |organizational |policies |and |practices |systematically |
discriminate |against |people |of |some |racial |group |or |groups: |set |into |official |policies |and |practices
Internal |Colonialism |- |answersInvolves |one |race |or |ethnic |group |subjugating |another |in |the |same |
country. |Prevents |assimilation |by |segregating |the |colonized |in |terms |of |jobs, |housing, |and |social |
contacts |eg: |Indigenous |peoples |in |Canada
Expulsion |- |answersThe |forcible |removal |of |a |population |from |a |territory |claimed |by |another |
population
Cultural |genocide |- |answersEliminating |a |groups |culture |and |heritage
Genocide |- |answersThe |intentional |extermination |of |an |entire |population |defined |as |a |race |or |a |
people
Conquest |- |answersThe |forcible |capture |of |land |and |the |economic |and |political |domination |of |its |
inhabitants
The |Quiet |Revolution |- |answersIn |Quebec, |the |separation |of |the |government |from |the |church |in |
response |to |underdeveloped |government |services |(Catholic |church |didn't |modernize. |Happened |in |
1960s
Slavery |- |answersThe |ownership |and |control |of |people |post |colonialism
The |theory |of |the |split |labor |market |- |answersWhere |low-wage |workers |of |one |race |and |high-wage |
workers |of |another |race |compete |for |the |same |jobs, |high-wage |workers |are |likely |to |resent |the |
presence |of |low-wage |competitors |enforcing |racist |attitudes
Head |Tax |- |answersAsian |immigrants |were |seen |as |a |threat |to |British |values |and |institutions. |This |was
|a |fee |invoked |upon |Chinese |immigrants |after |the |CPR |was |constructed |to |prevent |immigration. |Asian
|immigration |was |banned |entirely |in |1923, |then |during |the |great |depression |many |Asian |people |were |
deported. |Immigration |resumed |in |1960s
Economic |- |answersAn |advantage |of |ethnicity |that |allows |for |immigrant |entrepreneurs |to |operate |
largely |within |their |ethnic |community |and |depend |on |them |for |success |of |their |business
Politics |- |answersAn |advantage |of |ethnicity |in |the |sense |that |it |can |be |used |as |a |political |tool |for |
achieving |increased |access |to |resources
Emotional |support |- |answersAn |advantage |of |ethnicity |that |offers |security |in |a |world |that |is |hostile |
(racism): |access |to |collective |identity |and |community
Transnational |communities |- |answersCommunities |whose |boundaries |extend |between |or |among |
countries: |retaining |ties |with |ancestral |homelands |for |support
Diaspera |- |answersTransnational |community |of |Jewish |people
Pluralism |- |answersThe |retention |of |racial |and |ethnic |culture |combined |with |equal |access |to |basic |
social |resources
genocide, |expulsion, |slavery, |segregation, |pluralism, |assimilation |- |answersSix |degrees |of |separation
