2025 PSYCH 4475 – Exam #1 Questions & Verified Answers Social Psychology
of Prejudice Graded A+ Ohio State University
Self-Aware |Animal |- |answersScopes |Trial: |explored |how |humans |and |animals |differ.
How |do |humans |differ |from |animals?
Use |of |tools?
Language?
Soul?
Self!
Self |- |answersA |mental |tool |that |allows |people |(and |perhaps |a |few |species |of |animals) |to |think |
consciously |about |themselves.
Allows |us |to |think |deliberately |about |ourselves, |form |images, |evaluate |ourselves, |talk |to |ourselves, |
and |have |self-recognition.
Self-Reflection |- |answersAn |essential |feature |of |humanity |but |also |a |curse.
What |would |life |be |like |if |you |couldn't |do |this?
5 |important |consequences:
1. |Planning
2. |Decision-making |and |self-control
3. |Self-conceptualization |and |evaluation
4. |Introspection
5. |Perspective-taking
5 |Important |Consequences: |Planning |- |answersCan |play |out |future |events |and |consequences.
'Analogue-I': |mental |representation |of |yourself |that |you |can |think |about |and |manipulate.
Ex: |Have |conversations, |rehearse |future. |(See |yourself |in |first |person |vs. |third |person?)
Ex: |Replay |the |past. |(Do |you |replay |positive |or |negative |events |more?)
, "Mental |time-travel."
5 |Important |Consequences: |Decision-Making |and |Self-Control |- |answersAutomatic: |Nonconscious, |
Unintentional, |Involuntary, |Effortless |(Instincts)
Controlled: |Conscious, |Intentional, |Voluntary, |Effortful |(The |Self |brings |this |to |the |table)
Automatic |vs. |Controlled |Thoughts:
Can |move |between |them |rapidly |and |frequently
Ability |to |have |conscious/controlled |thoughts--separates |humans |from |other |species.
We |can |decide |to |behave |differently |instead |of |relying |on |instincts |and |reflexes.
Not |always |better.
Ex: |deciding |between |2 |jobs
5 |Important |Consequences: |Self-Conceptualization |and |Evaluation |- |answersHow |we |view |ourselves.
Can |be |visual |or |verbal.
Behavior |is |affected |by |who |we |think |we |are.
"I'm |not |that |kind |of |person."
Have |you |ever |chosen |not |to |do |something |because |it |would |go |against |your |self-concept?
5 |Important |Consequences: |Introspection |- |answersYou |can |think |about |thinking.
Ex: |Thinking |about |significant |other.
This |ability |changes |the |nature |of |our |experiences.
See |world |through |the |filter |of |yourself.
Too |much |introspection |can |lower |satisfaction.
5 |Important |Consequences: |Perspective-Taking |- |answersCan |also |try |to |imagine |others, |based |on |
yourself.
i.e. |take |their |perspective
Animals |without |self |can't |seem |to |do |this.
of Prejudice Graded A+ Ohio State University
Self-Aware |Animal |- |answersScopes |Trial: |explored |how |humans |and |animals |differ.
How |do |humans |differ |from |animals?
Use |of |tools?
Language?
Soul?
Self!
Self |- |answersA |mental |tool |that |allows |people |(and |perhaps |a |few |species |of |animals) |to |think |
consciously |about |themselves.
Allows |us |to |think |deliberately |about |ourselves, |form |images, |evaluate |ourselves, |talk |to |ourselves, |
and |have |self-recognition.
Self-Reflection |- |answersAn |essential |feature |of |humanity |but |also |a |curse.
What |would |life |be |like |if |you |couldn't |do |this?
5 |important |consequences:
1. |Planning
2. |Decision-making |and |self-control
3. |Self-conceptualization |and |evaluation
4. |Introspection
5. |Perspective-taking
5 |Important |Consequences: |Planning |- |answersCan |play |out |future |events |and |consequences.
'Analogue-I': |mental |representation |of |yourself |that |you |can |think |about |and |manipulate.
Ex: |Have |conversations, |rehearse |future. |(See |yourself |in |first |person |vs. |third |person?)
Ex: |Replay |the |past. |(Do |you |replay |positive |or |negative |events |more?)
, "Mental |time-travel."
5 |Important |Consequences: |Decision-Making |and |Self-Control |- |answersAutomatic: |Nonconscious, |
Unintentional, |Involuntary, |Effortless |(Instincts)
Controlled: |Conscious, |Intentional, |Voluntary, |Effortful |(The |Self |brings |this |to |the |table)
Automatic |vs. |Controlled |Thoughts:
Can |move |between |them |rapidly |and |frequently
Ability |to |have |conscious/controlled |thoughts--separates |humans |from |other |species.
We |can |decide |to |behave |differently |instead |of |relying |on |instincts |and |reflexes.
Not |always |better.
Ex: |deciding |between |2 |jobs
5 |Important |Consequences: |Self-Conceptualization |and |Evaluation |- |answersHow |we |view |ourselves.
Can |be |visual |or |verbal.
Behavior |is |affected |by |who |we |think |we |are.
"I'm |not |that |kind |of |person."
Have |you |ever |chosen |not |to |do |something |because |it |would |go |against |your |self-concept?
5 |Important |Consequences: |Introspection |- |answersYou |can |think |about |thinking.
Ex: |Thinking |about |significant |other.
This |ability |changes |the |nature |of |our |experiences.
See |world |through |the |filter |of |yourself.
Too |much |introspection |can |lower |satisfaction.
5 |Important |Consequences: |Perspective-Taking |- |answersCan |also |try |to |imagine |others, |based |on |
yourself.
i.e. |take |their |perspective
Animals |without |self |can't |seem |to |do |this.
