NBME - Pharmacology MOA
Selectively Inhibit 5-HT transport , supposed to boom extracellular concentations of five-HT in
CAN and thus provoke neuroplasticity that sooner or later effects in comfort of melancholy
and/or continual tension
What is the MOA of SSRI
(Fluoxetine (Prozac®), Sertraline (Zoloft®), Paroxetine (Paxil®), Citalopram (Celexa®),
Escitalopram (Lexapro®), Fluvoxamine (Luvox®))
five-HT/NE shipping inhibitors, meant to increase extracellular concentrations of NE and 5-HT in
CNS and for this reason initiate neuroplasticity that in the end consequences in relief of despair
and/or persistent anxiety
What is the MOA of SNRI
(Venlafaxine (Effexor®), Duloxetine (Cymbalta®))
Inhibits the carboxylation of glutamate residues in Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII,
IX, X and proteins C and S). Affects EXtrinsic.
What is the MOA of Warfarin (PO)
Accelerates the rate at which antithrombin III neutralizes the proteolytic activities of activated
clotting elements, mainly thrombin (Factor IIa) and Factor Xa. Short Half Life.
What is the MOA of Heparin (specifically IV)
Accelerate inactivation of aspect Xa
What is the MOA of Low molecular weight heparin (e.G., enoxaparin [Lovenox®]), Fondaparinux
(SC)
Reversible, non-selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (each COX-1 and COX-2) blocking off
prostaglandin synthesis
, What is the MOA of NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen)
Reversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenases on the peroxidase active web page, accordingly lively
primarily in CNS (inactivated peripherally)
What is the MOA of Acetaminophen
Irreversible cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibition, leading to less TXA2 and
prostaglandins, supposed to inhibit platelet activation
What is the MOA of Aspirin (PO)
Inhibit platelet aggregation by using irreversibly antagonizing ADP (P2Y12) receptor. This
prevents expression of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa on platelet surface.
What is the MOA of Clopidogrel
Act as agonist on the opioid receptor (u, D, K) to modulate synaptic transmission - near Ca
channels, open postsynaptic K channels lower synaptic transmission. Inhibit the release of ACh,
norepinephrine, 5-HT, glutamate, and substance P.
What is the MOA of Morphine (full agonist)
Codeine, hydrocodone & oxycodone --> metabolized via CYP2D6 to active metabolites
(essential + minor metabolites various analgesic consequences) (i.E. Codeine CYP2D6
morphine glucuronidation to M3G & M6G)
What is the MOA of Codeine
mu-receptor agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; kappa- and delta-receptor agonist; inhibitor of
5-HT and NE reuptake (enhance descending inhibitory pathways)
What is the MOA of Methadone
partial agonist at mu-receptor; antagonist at kappa- and delta- receptors; opioid receptor like-1
(ORL-1) agonist (advantage?)
Selectively Inhibit 5-HT transport , supposed to boom extracellular concentations of five-HT in
CAN and thus provoke neuroplasticity that sooner or later effects in comfort of melancholy
and/or continual tension
What is the MOA of SSRI
(Fluoxetine (Prozac®), Sertraline (Zoloft®), Paroxetine (Paxil®), Citalopram (Celexa®),
Escitalopram (Lexapro®), Fluvoxamine (Luvox®))
five-HT/NE shipping inhibitors, meant to increase extracellular concentrations of NE and 5-HT in
CNS and for this reason initiate neuroplasticity that in the end consequences in relief of despair
and/or persistent anxiety
What is the MOA of SNRI
(Venlafaxine (Effexor®), Duloxetine (Cymbalta®))
Inhibits the carboxylation of glutamate residues in Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII,
IX, X and proteins C and S). Affects EXtrinsic.
What is the MOA of Warfarin (PO)
Accelerates the rate at which antithrombin III neutralizes the proteolytic activities of activated
clotting elements, mainly thrombin (Factor IIa) and Factor Xa. Short Half Life.
What is the MOA of Heparin (specifically IV)
Accelerate inactivation of aspect Xa
What is the MOA of Low molecular weight heparin (e.G., enoxaparin [Lovenox®]), Fondaparinux
(SC)
Reversible, non-selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (each COX-1 and COX-2) blocking off
prostaglandin synthesis
, What is the MOA of NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen)
Reversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenases on the peroxidase active web page, accordingly lively
primarily in CNS (inactivated peripherally)
What is the MOA of Acetaminophen
Irreversible cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibition, leading to less TXA2 and
prostaglandins, supposed to inhibit platelet activation
What is the MOA of Aspirin (PO)
Inhibit platelet aggregation by using irreversibly antagonizing ADP (P2Y12) receptor. This
prevents expression of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa on platelet surface.
What is the MOA of Clopidogrel
Act as agonist on the opioid receptor (u, D, K) to modulate synaptic transmission - near Ca
channels, open postsynaptic K channels lower synaptic transmission. Inhibit the release of ACh,
norepinephrine, 5-HT, glutamate, and substance P.
What is the MOA of Morphine (full agonist)
Codeine, hydrocodone & oxycodone --> metabolized via CYP2D6 to active metabolites
(essential + minor metabolites various analgesic consequences) (i.E. Codeine CYP2D6
morphine glucuronidation to M3G & M6G)
What is the MOA of Codeine
mu-receptor agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; kappa- and delta-receptor agonist; inhibitor of
5-HT and NE reuptake (enhance descending inhibitory pathways)
What is the MOA of Methadone
partial agonist at mu-receptor; antagonist at kappa- and delta- receptors; opioid receptor like-1
(ORL-1) agonist (advantage?)
