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D089 Principles of Economics OA WGU 2025

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D089 Principles of Economics OA WGU 2025 Verified Solutions & Correct Answers Comprehensive Study Guide for WGU Objective Assessment Introduction This comprehensive guide provides 138 verified practice questions with correct answers and detailed explanations for the D089 Principles of Economics Objective Assessment (OA) atWestern Governors University (WGU) for the 2025 exam cycle. Aligned with WGU’s curriculum and drawing from sources like Quizlet and study materials from platforms such as Studocu, this guide covers key economic concepts: Basic Economic Principles, Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Market Structures, and Economic Policy. Presented in navy blue text with silver accents for clarity, it ensures students are well-prepared for the OA. Each question includes an expanded explanation to deepen understanding and boost confidence

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D089 Principles of Economics OA WGU
2025
Verified Solutions & Correct Answers




Comprehensive Study Guide for WGU Objective Assessment




Updated for 2025 Exam Cycle
Curated by Economic Education Experts

,Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Basic Economic Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Question 1: Fundamental Economic Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Question 2: Definition of Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Question 3: Scarcity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 Question 4: Opportunity Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5 Question 5: Factors of Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.6 Question 6: Marginal Benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.7 Question 7: Thinking at the Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.8 Question 8: Production Possibilities Frontier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.9 Question 9: Economic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.10 Question 10: Trade-Offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.11 Question 11: Incentives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.12 Question 12: Economic Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.13 Question 13: Positive vs. Normative Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.14 Question 14: Allocative Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.15 Question 15: Comparative Advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.16 Question 16: Absolute Advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.17 Question 17: Scarcity and Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.18 Question 18: Circular Flow Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.19 Question 19: Economic Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.20 Question 20: Public Policy Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.21 Question 21: Economic Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.22 Question 22: Marginal Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.23 Question 23: Resource Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.24 Question 24: Economic Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.25 Question 25: Opportunity Cost Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.26 Question 26: Efficiency in Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.27 Question 27: Scarcity Misconception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.28 Question 28: Economic Incentives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.29 Question 29: Marginal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.30 Question 30: Economic Questions Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Microeconomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1 Question 31: Microeconomics Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 Question 32: Law of Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3 Question 33: Law of Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.4 Question 34: Market Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.5 Question 35: Price Elasticity of Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6 Question 36: Elasticity Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.7 Question 37: Substitutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.8 Question 38: Complements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.9 Question 39: Supply Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.10 Question 40: Demand Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.11 Question 41: Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.12 Question 42: Shortage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.13 Question 43: Price Ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14


1

,D089 Principles of Economics OA WGU 2025 July 3, 2025


3.14 Question 44: Price Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.15 Question 45: Consumer Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.16 Question 46: Producer Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.17 Question 47: Normal Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.18 Question 48: Inferior Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.19 Question 49: Cross-Price Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.20 Question 50: Income Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.21 Question 51: Market Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.22 Question 52: Externalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.23 Question 53: Public Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.24 Question 54: Marginal Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.25 Question 55: Production Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.26 Question 56: Variable Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.27 Question 57: Equilibrium Price Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.28 Question 58: Consumer Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.29 Question 59: Market Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.30 Question 60: Supply Determinants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4 Macroeconomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1 Question 61: Macroeconomics Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2 Question 62: Gross Domestic Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3 Question 63: Real vs. Nominal GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.4 Question 64: Inflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.5 Question 65: Unemployment Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.6 Question 66: Types of Unemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.7 Question 67: Aggregate Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.8 Question 68: Aggregate Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.9 Question 69: Fiscal Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.10 Question 70: Monetary Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.11 Question 71: Inflation and Unemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.12 Question 72: Money Supply Misconception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.13 Question 73: Business Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.14 Question 74: Federal Reserve Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.15 Question 75: Interest Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.16 Question 76: GDP Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.17 Question 77: Deflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.18 Question 78: Multiplier Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.19 Question 79: Economic Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.20 Question 80: Budget Deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.21 Question 81: National Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.22 Question 82: Aggregate Demand Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.23 Question 83: Aggregate Supply Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.24 Question 84: Stagflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.25 Question 85: Monetary Policy Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.26 Question 86: Expansionary Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.27 Question 87: Contractionary Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.28 Question 88: CPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.29 Question 89: Unemployment Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.30 Question 90: Economic Growth Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22



Page 2 of 31

, D089 Principles of Economics OA WGU 2025 July 3, 2025


5 Market Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.1 Question 91: Perfect Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.2 Question 92: Monopoly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3 Question 93: Oligopoly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.4 Question 94: Monopolistic Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.5 Question 95: Barriers to Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.6 Question 96: Price Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.7 Question 97: Market Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.8 Question 98: Perfect Competition Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.9 Question 99: Monopoly Inefficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.10 Question 100: Oligopoly Collusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.11 Question 101: Product Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.12 Question 102: Natural Monopoly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.13 Question 103: Antitrust Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.14 Question 104: Market Structure Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.15 Question 105: Profit Maximization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.16 Question 106: Economies of Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.17 Question 107: Diseconomies of Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.18 Question 108: Monopoly Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.19 Question 109: Oligopoly Interdependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.20 Question 110: Perfect Competition Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.21 Question 111: Monopoly Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.22 Question 112: Market Structure Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.23 Question 113: Collusion Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.24 Question 114: Price Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.25 Question 115: Deadweight Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.26 Question 116: Market Structure and Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.27 Question 117: Monopolistic Competition Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.28 Question 118: Market Power Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

6 Economic Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.1 Question 119: Fiscal Policy Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.2 Question 120: Monetary Policy Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.3 Question 121: Expansionary Monetary Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.4 Question 122: Contractionary Monetary Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.5 Question 123: Government Spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.6 Question 124: Tax Cuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.7 Question 125: Trade Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.8 Question 126: Free Trade Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.9 Question 127: Protectionism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.10 Question 128: Budget Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.11 Question 129: Monetary Policy Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.12 Question 130: Discount Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.13 Question 131: Reserve Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.14 Question 132: Inflation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.15 Question 133: Fiscal Policy Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.16 Question 134: Monetary Policy Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.17 Question 135: Trade Deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.18 Question 136: Exchange Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.19 Question 137: Subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31


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