WGU BIOCHEMISTRY OA REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
1. The polymerase chain reaction is a tool used to study protein structure.
-CORRECT ANS>>False
What color is the primer in the following diagram?
-CORRECT ANS>>Red
dNTPs are DNA nucleotides used in PCR.
-CORRECT ANS>>True
A thermocycler is a machine used for PCR that varies the temperature of a sample.
-CORRECT ANS>>True
DNA polymerase is used in DNA replication and in PCR.
-CORRECT ANS>>True
Which of the following changes can NOT be detected using PCR?
-CORRECT ANS>>Epigenetic changes
Which of the following components is NOT used in PCR?
-CORRECT ANS>>RNA polymerase
Assuming there is one copy of the target DNA sequence before PCR, how many copies of DNA are
there after 5 PCR cycles?
-CORRECT ANS>>32
DNA polymerase can synthesize new DNA strands in which direction?
-CORRECT ANS>>5' to 3'
The following are steps involved in a polymerase chain reaction. Which is the correct order:
-CORRECT ANS>>Denaturation, annealing, and elongation
Sickle Cell Anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Choose the set of chromosomes of a
person that has inherited the disease. Green boxes represent normal alleles and yellow boxes
represent mutant alleles. Caption less Image
-CORRECT ANS>>Chromosome 11 (Blue) vs. Chromosome 11 (Red w/yellow stripe)
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition. This means that:
-CORRECT ANS>>1. A person with at least one normal X chromosome without the hemophilia gene
will not show signs of hemophilia
,A woman is homozygous for an abnormal allele on Chromosome 2 that codes for an autosomal
dominant disease. This means that she:
-CORRECT ANS>>Will have the disease
Mutations in the FANCA gene (located on chromosome 16) can lead to Fanconi Anemia. A healthy
individual inherited one mutant and one normal allele of the FANCA gene. Which of the following
describes the inheritance pattern of Fanconi Anemia?
-CORRECT ANS>>Autosomal Recessive
A black female mouse mates with a white male mouse and produces a litter of all gray mice. Which
inheritance pattern can be used to describe this situation?
-CORRECT ANS>>Incomplete Dominance
Both pedigrees show the inheritance of von Willebrand disease, a bleeding disorder in which platelets
fail to clot properly. There are different types of von Willebrand disease that exhibit different inheritance
patterns. Type I is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, while type III is autosomal recessive.
Which of the following statements best describes the families depicted in the pedigrees below?
-CORRECT ANS>>Family 1 has type III and Family 2 has type I
What is the expected probability that a child will have an autosomal dominant disease if their father is
heterozygous for the allele and their mother is homozygous for the normal allele?
-CORRECT ANS>>50%
Craniofrontonasal Dysplasia is an X-linked Dominant disorder. This condition is very rare and is caused
by mutations in the Ephrin B-1 gene. Which one of the following pedigrees portrays the familial
inheritance pattern of this X-linked Dominant disorder?
-CORRECT ANS>>Option 4
Two healthy individuals give birth to a child that has Bloom Syndrome. From this information, it can be
concluded that Bloom syndrome is inherited in a manner.
-CORRECT ANS>>recessive
The Punnett Squares below represent three different types of dominance. Which answer choice
correctly identifies the different types of Dominance?
-CORRECT ANS>>3. A. Incomplete Dominance; B. Complete Dominance; C. Codominance
Match the letters with the correct names of the processes of the central dogma (Replication;
Transcription; Translation).
-CORRECT ANS>>3. A) Replication, B) Transcription, C) Translation
Label the lettered strands of nucleic acid below. The possible words to use in labeling strands are:
Coding Strand, Non-template Strand, Non-coding Strand, Template Strand, and mRNA. Note: A and B
refer to one strand of DNA; C and D refer to the other strand of DNA.
-CORRECT ANS>>4. Non-template B) Coding C) Template D) Non-coding E) mRNA
, If one strand of chromosome 2 has a DNA sequence that consists of this: 5' AAG CGG TAC GTA 3'
What will be the composition of the complementary DNA strand? (Select all that apply)
-CORRECT ANS>>b. 3' TTC GCC ATG CAT 5'
c. 5' TAC GTA CCG CTT 3'
During DNA replication, which of the following sequences can be used as a primer for the following
DNA sequence: 3' AGT GGA TCA CTA GGC TCT 5'? (Recall that DNA replication uses RNA primers
whereas PCR uses DNA primers).
-CORRECT ANS>>5' UCA CCU AGU GAU 3'
Which of the following is the correct tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon 5' GCA 3’?
-CORRECT ANS>>5' UGC 3'
The following sequence is the coding DNA strand of the collagen gene: 5' ATG GCG TTC GAA 3' What
is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA?
-CORRECT ANS>>c. 5' AUG GCG UUC GAA 3'
What would be the resulting mRNA sequence from a template strand with this sequence: 5'-CAG CTC
GTC-3'?
-CORRECT ANS>>b. 5'-GAC GAG CUG-3'
What is the coding strand sequence if the non-template strand sequence is 5'- AGC CTT TAA CTA-3'
-CORRECT ANS>>d. 3'-ATC AAT TTC CGA-5'
What would be the amino acid sequence that would result from this template sequence: 5'-TGC AAG
CCA-3'?
-CORRECT ANS>>d. Trp Leu Ala
What would the amino acid sequence be from this coding strand sequence: 5'- GGA AGG CCC-3'?
-CORRECT ANS>>a. Gly Arg Pro
Proteins that promote coiling of DNA and help prevent DNA strands from "tangling" are called?
-CORRECT ANS>>Histones
Given the following modification of the nucleosomes, discuss how the transcription and gene
expression is impacted. In A the nucleosomes are less condensed, and in B they are more tightly
wound. Would A or B foster the ability to have more active transcription of genes?
-CORRECT ANS>>A (less condensed)
Some changes to the DNA do not modify the coding sequence of the DNA but do affect its winding and
unwinding from nucleosomes. These changes can increase or decrease the availability of DNA and
hence, the transcription of a gene. These are called changes?
-CORRECT ANS>>Epigenetic
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
1. The polymerase chain reaction is a tool used to study protein structure.
-CORRECT ANS>>False
What color is the primer in the following diagram?
-CORRECT ANS>>Red
dNTPs are DNA nucleotides used in PCR.
-CORRECT ANS>>True
A thermocycler is a machine used for PCR that varies the temperature of a sample.
-CORRECT ANS>>True
DNA polymerase is used in DNA replication and in PCR.
-CORRECT ANS>>True
Which of the following changes can NOT be detected using PCR?
-CORRECT ANS>>Epigenetic changes
Which of the following components is NOT used in PCR?
-CORRECT ANS>>RNA polymerase
Assuming there is one copy of the target DNA sequence before PCR, how many copies of DNA are
there after 5 PCR cycles?
-CORRECT ANS>>32
DNA polymerase can synthesize new DNA strands in which direction?
-CORRECT ANS>>5' to 3'
The following are steps involved in a polymerase chain reaction. Which is the correct order:
-CORRECT ANS>>Denaturation, annealing, and elongation
Sickle Cell Anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Choose the set of chromosomes of a
person that has inherited the disease. Green boxes represent normal alleles and yellow boxes
represent mutant alleles. Caption less Image
-CORRECT ANS>>Chromosome 11 (Blue) vs. Chromosome 11 (Red w/yellow stripe)
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition. This means that:
-CORRECT ANS>>1. A person with at least one normal X chromosome without the hemophilia gene
will not show signs of hemophilia
,A woman is homozygous for an abnormal allele on Chromosome 2 that codes for an autosomal
dominant disease. This means that she:
-CORRECT ANS>>Will have the disease
Mutations in the FANCA gene (located on chromosome 16) can lead to Fanconi Anemia. A healthy
individual inherited one mutant and one normal allele of the FANCA gene. Which of the following
describes the inheritance pattern of Fanconi Anemia?
-CORRECT ANS>>Autosomal Recessive
A black female mouse mates with a white male mouse and produces a litter of all gray mice. Which
inheritance pattern can be used to describe this situation?
-CORRECT ANS>>Incomplete Dominance
Both pedigrees show the inheritance of von Willebrand disease, a bleeding disorder in which platelets
fail to clot properly. There are different types of von Willebrand disease that exhibit different inheritance
patterns. Type I is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, while type III is autosomal recessive.
Which of the following statements best describes the families depicted in the pedigrees below?
-CORRECT ANS>>Family 1 has type III and Family 2 has type I
What is the expected probability that a child will have an autosomal dominant disease if their father is
heterozygous for the allele and their mother is homozygous for the normal allele?
-CORRECT ANS>>50%
Craniofrontonasal Dysplasia is an X-linked Dominant disorder. This condition is very rare and is caused
by mutations in the Ephrin B-1 gene. Which one of the following pedigrees portrays the familial
inheritance pattern of this X-linked Dominant disorder?
-CORRECT ANS>>Option 4
Two healthy individuals give birth to a child that has Bloom Syndrome. From this information, it can be
concluded that Bloom syndrome is inherited in a manner.
-CORRECT ANS>>recessive
The Punnett Squares below represent three different types of dominance. Which answer choice
correctly identifies the different types of Dominance?
-CORRECT ANS>>3. A. Incomplete Dominance; B. Complete Dominance; C. Codominance
Match the letters with the correct names of the processes of the central dogma (Replication;
Transcription; Translation).
-CORRECT ANS>>3. A) Replication, B) Transcription, C) Translation
Label the lettered strands of nucleic acid below. The possible words to use in labeling strands are:
Coding Strand, Non-template Strand, Non-coding Strand, Template Strand, and mRNA. Note: A and B
refer to one strand of DNA; C and D refer to the other strand of DNA.
-CORRECT ANS>>4. Non-template B) Coding C) Template D) Non-coding E) mRNA
, If one strand of chromosome 2 has a DNA sequence that consists of this: 5' AAG CGG TAC GTA 3'
What will be the composition of the complementary DNA strand? (Select all that apply)
-CORRECT ANS>>b. 3' TTC GCC ATG CAT 5'
c. 5' TAC GTA CCG CTT 3'
During DNA replication, which of the following sequences can be used as a primer for the following
DNA sequence: 3' AGT GGA TCA CTA GGC TCT 5'? (Recall that DNA replication uses RNA primers
whereas PCR uses DNA primers).
-CORRECT ANS>>5' UCA CCU AGU GAU 3'
Which of the following is the correct tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon 5' GCA 3’?
-CORRECT ANS>>5' UGC 3'
The following sequence is the coding DNA strand of the collagen gene: 5' ATG GCG TTC GAA 3' What
is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA?
-CORRECT ANS>>c. 5' AUG GCG UUC GAA 3'
What would be the resulting mRNA sequence from a template strand with this sequence: 5'-CAG CTC
GTC-3'?
-CORRECT ANS>>b. 5'-GAC GAG CUG-3'
What is the coding strand sequence if the non-template strand sequence is 5'- AGC CTT TAA CTA-3'
-CORRECT ANS>>d. 3'-ATC AAT TTC CGA-5'
What would be the amino acid sequence that would result from this template sequence: 5'-TGC AAG
CCA-3'?
-CORRECT ANS>>d. Trp Leu Ala
What would the amino acid sequence be from this coding strand sequence: 5'- GGA AGG CCC-3'?
-CORRECT ANS>>a. Gly Arg Pro
Proteins that promote coiling of DNA and help prevent DNA strands from "tangling" are called?
-CORRECT ANS>>Histones
Given the following modification of the nucleosomes, discuss how the transcription and gene
expression is impacted. In A the nucleosomes are less condensed, and in B they are more tightly
wound. Would A or B foster the ability to have more active transcription of genes?
-CORRECT ANS>>A (less condensed)
Some changes to the DNA do not modify the coding sequence of the DNA but do affect its winding and
unwinding from nucleosomes. These changes can increase or decrease the availability of DNA and
hence, the transcription of a gene. These are called changes?
-CORRECT ANS>>Epigenetic
