Page | 1
NBME CBSE Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Question: Type II pneumocytes
Answer: surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Question:Polio live v killed vaccine
Answer: Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Question:Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx
Answer: Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Question:Lung maturity determined with
Answer: Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
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Question:Type I pneumocytes
Answer: Squamous gas diffusion
Question:Elastase in lungs
Answer: macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Question:Elastin stretches and recoils due to
Answer: Lysine interchain crosslinks
Question:air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC
Answer: Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Question:Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during
Answer: Exhale of Tidal Volume
Question:Lung Compliance is decreased by
Answer: LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Question:Lung Compliance is increased by
Answer: emphysema, age
Question:Obesity affects ERV and FRC
Answer: DECREASE
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ERV & FRC
Question:Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic)
Answer: pulmonary = systemic
Question:Anatomic pulmonary shunting
Answer: Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
Question:More ventilation is at the
Answer: BASE
Question:O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift
Answer: basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
Question:O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift
Answer: low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
Question:CO2 transport to lungs
Answer: *carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
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Question:CO poisoning causes
Answer: carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Question:Cyanide poisoning causes
Answer: lactic acidosis
Question:How to treat cyanide poisoning
Answer: *Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Question:Normal A-a gradient
Answer: 5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Question:Increased A-a gradient
Answer: *Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
Question:AT --> AT II
where and how
Answer: ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
NBME CBSE Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Question: Type II pneumocytes
Answer: surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Question:Polio live v killed vaccine
Answer: Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Question:Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx
Answer: Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Question:Lung maturity determined with
Answer: Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
, Page | 2
Question:Type I pneumocytes
Answer: Squamous gas diffusion
Question:Elastase in lungs
Answer: macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Question:Elastin stretches and recoils due to
Answer: Lysine interchain crosslinks
Question:air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC
Answer: Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Question:Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during
Answer: Exhale of Tidal Volume
Question:Lung Compliance is decreased by
Answer: LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Question:Lung Compliance is increased by
Answer: emphysema, age
Question:Obesity affects ERV and FRC
Answer: DECREASE
, Page | 3
ERV & FRC
Question:Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic)
Answer: pulmonary = systemic
Question:Anatomic pulmonary shunting
Answer: Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
Question:More ventilation is at the
Answer: BASE
Question:O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift
Answer: basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
Question:O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift
Answer: low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
Question:CO2 transport to lungs
Answer: *carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
, Page | 4
Question:CO poisoning causes
Answer: carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Question:Cyanide poisoning causes
Answer: lactic acidosis
Question:How to treat cyanide poisoning
Answer: *Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Question:Normal A-a gradient
Answer: 5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Question:Increased A-a gradient
Answer: *Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
Question:AT --> AT II
where and how
Answer: ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
