Infection Prevention and Control
Final Exam. Comprehensive A+
revision questions with the correct
answers provided. This covers the
whole topic all-round.
#2025#nursify
Describe four (4) examples of health and environmental factors that contribute to increasing a
host's susceptibility to infection. - correct answers- 1. Age:
- Younger: immature immune system
- Elderly: decrease immune system
- Some pathogens have increased vigilance to different age groups
2. Nutrition
- Alcoholism
,- Malnutrition
- Lower immune response
3. Immunosuppressive drugs
- Transplant patients
- Cancer therapy
- Lower immune response
4. Atmospheric pollution
- Can cause lung defects
- lowering immune response
Sepsis - correct answers-caused:
- Range of bacteria: E.Coli, staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Clinical presentation:
- high, spiking fever, alternating shaking chills and then sweats.
- usually, periods of improvement and then worsening.
- low blood pressure and vascular collapse.
Helminth infection - correct answers-are contracted from animal feces, uncooked pork or
contaminated foods.
,Draw Gram + and Gram - - correct answers-Gram negative: have an outer cell membrane and
extra lipopolysaccharide layer.
What is the chain of infection? - correct answers-1. agent
2. portal of exit
3. mode of transmission
4. portal of entry
5. susceptible host
Documents to remember - correct answers-- National Health and Medical Research Council
Australian guidelines for the prevention and control of infection in healthcare (NHMRC
guidelines)
- Antimicrobial stewardship
- Therapeutic guidelines
- Self-audit tool: Infection control obligations of podiatry practitioners from the podiatry board
of australia.
Describe foot ulcers and their presence in diabetics? - correct answers-- Static or frictional
pressure
, - poor blood flow
- moisture build-up: fluid build-up and boggy tissue that leads to cells death.
Neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease trigger deformities and trauma to the main line of
defence. these cause oedema and infections causing the development of DFU.
Diabetes: The presence of chronic hyperglycemia due to the minimal insulin secretion or insulin
resistance.
Causing:
- neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy
- mechanoreceptors are damaged not sending the signals of when the body is damaged.
Immune impairment:
- Altered phagocytosis and bactericidal activity
-impaired chemotaxis and phagocytosis functions of monocyte/macrophage;
- disturbances of cellular innate immunity - a low serum level of complement factor 4 (C4) and
abnormal production of cytokines by monocytes
- alteration of lymphocytes subpopulations and immunoglobulins levels.
Wound healing:
- reduced fibrinolysis (the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin in blood clots)
Final Exam. Comprehensive A+
revision questions with the correct
answers provided. This covers the
whole topic all-round.
#2025#nursify
Describe four (4) examples of health and environmental factors that contribute to increasing a
host's susceptibility to infection. - correct answers- 1. Age:
- Younger: immature immune system
- Elderly: decrease immune system
- Some pathogens have increased vigilance to different age groups
2. Nutrition
- Alcoholism
,- Malnutrition
- Lower immune response
3. Immunosuppressive drugs
- Transplant patients
- Cancer therapy
- Lower immune response
4. Atmospheric pollution
- Can cause lung defects
- lowering immune response
Sepsis - correct answers-caused:
- Range of bacteria: E.Coli, staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Clinical presentation:
- high, spiking fever, alternating shaking chills and then sweats.
- usually, periods of improvement and then worsening.
- low blood pressure and vascular collapse.
Helminth infection - correct answers-are contracted from animal feces, uncooked pork or
contaminated foods.
,Draw Gram + and Gram - - correct answers-Gram negative: have an outer cell membrane and
extra lipopolysaccharide layer.
What is the chain of infection? - correct answers-1. agent
2. portal of exit
3. mode of transmission
4. portal of entry
5. susceptible host
Documents to remember - correct answers-- National Health and Medical Research Council
Australian guidelines for the prevention and control of infection in healthcare (NHMRC
guidelines)
- Antimicrobial stewardship
- Therapeutic guidelines
- Self-audit tool: Infection control obligations of podiatry practitioners from the podiatry board
of australia.
Describe foot ulcers and their presence in diabetics? - correct answers-- Static or frictional
pressure
, - poor blood flow
- moisture build-up: fluid build-up and boggy tissue that leads to cells death.
Neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease trigger deformities and trauma to the main line of
defence. these cause oedema and infections causing the development of DFU.
Diabetes: The presence of chronic hyperglycemia due to the minimal insulin secretion or insulin
resistance.
Causing:
- neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy
- mechanoreceptors are damaged not sending the signals of when the body is damaged.
Immune impairment:
- Altered phagocytosis and bactericidal activity
-impaired chemotaxis and phagocytosis functions of monocyte/macrophage;
- disturbances of cellular innate immunity - a low serum level of complement factor 4 (C4) and
abnormal production of cytokines by monocytes
- alteration of lymphocytes subpopulations and immunoglobulins levels.
Wound healing:
- reduced fibrinolysis (the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin in blood clots)
