CARDIOVASCULAR examination Questions with Verified Answers

wash hands introduce yourself confirm age/date of birth explain examination gain consent ask patient if in any pain - ANSWERS"I'd like to do an examination on you today, that'll involve me looking at yours hands, face and chest and having a quick feel of these areas too, is that alright with you?" "are you in any pain at all before we start?" ask patient to remove their top position patient at 45º - ANSWERS"could I ask you to kindly remove your top for me please" look from end of bed - ANSWERSpatient generally well/comfortable? GTN spray/on O2/medication/mobility aids SOB flushed any scars cyanosis oedema hands - ANSWERSsplinter haemorrhages - infective endocarditis finger clubbing (Schamworth's window), what does it show? - ANSWERSCyanotic congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis Lung cancer, lung abscess Ulcerative colitis Bronchiectasis Benign mesothelioma Infective endocarditis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Neurogenic tumours Gastrointestinal disorders hands out with palms facing upwards - ANSWERScolour - cyanosis temperature janeway lesions - bacterial endocarditis osler's nodes - infective endocarditis tar staining capillary refill time pulses - ANSWERSradial pulse - rate, rhythm radio-radial delay - aortic coarction collapsing pulse - aortic regurgitation brachial pulse blood pressure carotid pulse JVP - ANSWERSensure patient at 45º ask patient to turn head away JVP located inline with sternocleidomastoid measure no. of cm from sternal angle to the upper border of pulsation rasied JVP indicates fluid overload/RV failure/tricuspid regurgitation hepatojugular reflex - ANSWERS-apply pressure to liver -observe JVP for a rise -healthy individual - should last no longer than 1-2 cardiac cycles (it should then fall) -if rise in JVP is sustained and equal to or greater than 4cm this is a positive result - RS heart failure/tricuspid regurgitation face - ANSWERSconjunctiva pallor - anaemia corneal arcus - hypercholestrolaemia xanthelasma - hypercholesterolaemia mouth - ANSWERScentral cyanosis angular stomatitis - iron deficiency dental hygiene chest inspection - ANSWERSscars: thoracotomy sternotomy chest wall deformities visible pulsations - hypertension/ventricular hypertrophy palpation - ANSWERSapex parasternal heaves thrills