Intro to GIS Quiz 1
GIS - answer geographic information systems- integrates hardware, software, data and
people for capturing, managing, displaying, and analyzing all forms of geospatial data
geospatial data - answer geographically reference information, location and information;
Hospitals in New Orleans
geocoding - answer convert location and information into a point=geospatial data
what can i do with GIS? - answer1. make maps (chart, report)
2. present spatial data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared
3. A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems
-location: where is it?
-trend: what has changed since...?
-patterns: what spatial patterns exist?
-site suitability: map of possible locations meeting all selected criteria
GIS components - answer hardware, software, data, people
hardware - answer computer, operating system, internet connection
software - answer collecting, storing, managing, querying, analyzing, and presenting
geospatial data
-ArcGIS= Arc Map, Arc Toolbox, Arc Catalog, Arc Scene, Arc Globe
Data - answer raster
vector
tabular (table)
raster data - answer-electronic image (i.e. aerial photograph or satellite image)
-scanned maps
-composed of a array of columns and rows of square cells, called *pixels*, with a
number in each cell representing the solid color fill of that cell
vector data - answer-map features: point, line, polygon
-feature attributes: name, area, population
Tabular (table) - answerexcel, fill the cells with info
People - answer-GIS specialists= use data to make products (build)
-GIS users= people using google maps (use)
, benefits of GIS - answer-better decision making: site selection, route/corridor selection,
evacuation planning
-managing geographically: urban planning, land use, land cover, water management
-improved communication: sharing maps and visualization between teams/departments
-better record-keeping: maintaining authoritative records about the status and change of
geography
-GIS answers the questions and solves problems
How GIS works? - answer1. Project Planning: define a question, identify data needs
2. Data Collection: Raster, Vector, Table
3. Data Input: Dbase design, data entry/storage
4. GIS
5. Data Analysis: geoprocessing, geocoding, spatial analysis, spatial statistics, 3-D
analyst, hydrologi model, ecologic model
6. Data Output: map, chart, report
GIS layers - answerlayers are information usually contained in maps and databases
stored in GIS system
-layers can be analyzed and integrated in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns,
and trends in the form of maps, reports, and charts
Function of GIS? - answerintegrate geographic data (location) with attribute data
(information)
Raster Data Structures - answer- made up of tiny squares (called *pixels*) organized
into rows and columns (or a grid)
-each pixel contains a value (Digital Number) representing information, such as color,
temperature, elevation
-DN each of a different share or color represents the relative *reflected* light energy:
see the color not the number (computer sees the number not the color)
Spatial Resolution - answersmall pixel size= high spatial resolution**
large pixel size= low spatial resolution
-pixel 1m x 1m covers 1m on ground= so you can see any object bigger than 1m
How features are represented in raster - answerpoints: represented as a single cell
(pixel)
-pixels of the same feature will have the same value (digital number)
lines: represented as a chain of spatially connected cells with the same value
-highways, roads, rivers
polygons: represented as a group of contiguous cells with the same value that most
accurately portray the shape of a the area
-buildings, lakes, soils, forests, swamps, fields
GIS - answer geographic information systems- integrates hardware, software, data and
people for capturing, managing, displaying, and analyzing all forms of geospatial data
geospatial data - answer geographically reference information, location and information;
Hospitals in New Orleans
geocoding - answer convert location and information into a point=geospatial data
what can i do with GIS? - answer1. make maps (chart, report)
2. present spatial data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared
3. A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems
-location: where is it?
-trend: what has changed since...?
-patterns: what spatial patterns exist?
-site suitability: map of possible locations meeting all selected criteria
GIS components - answer hardware, software, data, people
hardware - answer computer, operating system, internet connection
software - answer collecting, storing, managing, querying, analyzing, and presenting
geospatial data
-ArcGIS= Arc Map, Arc Toolbox, Arc Catalog, Arc Scene, Arc Globe
Data - answer raster
vector
tabular (table)
raster data - answer-electronic image (i.e. aerial photograph or satellite image)
-scanned maps
-composed of a array of columns and rows of square cells, called *pixels*, with a
number in each cell representing the solid color fill of that cell
vector data - answer-map features: point, line, polygon
-feature attributes: name, area, population
Tabular (table) - answerexcel, fill the cells with info
People - answer-GIS specialists= use data to make products (build)
-GIS users= people using google maps (use)
, benefits of GIS - answer-better decision making: site selection, route/corridor selection,
evacuation planning
-managing geographically: urban planning, land use, land cover, water management
-improved communication: sharing maps and visualization between teams/departments
-better record-keeping: maintaining authoritative records about the status and change of
geography
-GIS answers the questions and solves problems
How GIS works? - answer1. Project Planning: define a question, identify data needs
2. Data Collection: Raster, Vector, Table
3. Data Input: Dbase design, data entry/storage
4. GIS
5. Data Analysis: geoprocessing, geocoding, spatial analysis, spatial statistics, 3-D
analyst, hydrologi model, ecologic model
6. Data Output: map, chart, report
GIS layers - answerlayers are information usually contained in maps and databases
stored in GIS system
-layers can be analyzed and integrated in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns,
and trends in the form of maps, reports, and charts
Function of GIS? - answerintegrate geographic data (location) with attribute data
(information)
Raster Data Structures - answer- made up of tiny squares (called *pixels*) organized
into rows and columns (or a grid)
-each pixel contains a value (Digital Number) representing information, such as color,
temperature, elevation
-DN each of a different share or color represents the relative *reflected* light energy:
see the color not the number (computer sees the number not the color)
Spatial Resolution - answersmall pixel size= high spatial resolution**
large pixel size= low spatial resolution
-pixel 1m x 1m covers 1m on ground= so you can see any object bigger than 1m
How features are represented in raster - answerpoints: represented as a single cell
(pixel)
-pixels of the same feature will have the same value (digital number)
lines: represented as a chain of spatially connected cells with the same value
-highways, roads, rivers
polygons: represented as a group of contiguous cells with the same value that most
accurately portray the shape of a the area
-buildings, lakes, soils, forests, swamps, fields
