EMS 1021 Final Exam Questions and Answers |Complete Solutions Graded A+|100% Correct
What structures are in the upper airway and what are their functions? Nares/nasal cavity-
enable the entry and exit of air; mouth/oral cavity- allows air and nutrients to enter your body
and helps you speak; pharynx- (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx) carries air, food, and
fluid down from the nose and mouth; larynx- lets air pass from your throat to your trachea and
also contains your voice box.
What are the structures of the lower airway and what are their functions? Trachea- leads air
from larynx to lungs; bronchi- the two main passages from the trachea to the lungs for air
movement; bronchioles- small branches of the bronchi, alveoli- air sacs of the lungs
Function of the diaphragm Essential to breathing and separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominal cavity
Respiratory rates based on age: Adults 8-24, elderly 20-22, children 18-37, infants 30-60
Name the chambers of the heart and their functions Right atrium- receives oxygen depleted
blood from the veins; left atrium- receives oxygen rich blood from the pulmonary veins from
the lungs; right ventricle- pumps oxygen depleted blood to pulmonary arteries; left ventricle-
pumps oxygen rich blood to the major artery from the heart
What is the pericardium? A double walled sack that encloses the heart, gives support, and
prevents friction as the heart moves within it.
Name the 4 valves of the heart and their functions Tricuspid valve- between right atrium
and right ventricle, pulmonary valve- at base of pulmonary artery in the right ventricle; mitral
valve- between left atrium and left ventricle; aortic valve- at base of aortic artery in the left
ventricle
What are the intrinsic rates of the heart's electrical impulses? SA node- 60 to 100; AV node-
40 to 60, Bundle of His- 40 to 60
, Name the 9 major arteries Aorta, coronary arteries, carotid arteries, femoral arteries,
dorsalis pedis arteries, posterior tibial arteries, brachial arteries, radial arteries, and pulmonary
arteries
Name the 2 major veins Venae cavae and pulmonary veins
Name the 4 major components of blood Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and
plasma
What are the 4 peripheral pulse locations? Radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis
pedis
What are the 2 central pulse locations? Carotid and femoral
Major signs of hypoperfusion Low BP, tachypnea, pale skin color, agitation, altered mental
status
List the vessel types and what kind of blood they carry Arteries- O2 rich blood, arterioles- O2
rich blood, capillaries- O2 rich and O2 depleted blood, venules- O2 depleted blood, veins- O2
depleted blood (except pulmonary veins)
Baseline vital signs The first set of vital sign measurements to which subsequent
measurements can be compared
Auscultate To listen for sounds within the body using a stethoscope
Palpate Feeling, as for a pulse
Tachypnea Abnormally rapid breathing
What structures are in the upper airway and what are their functions? Nares/nasal cavity-
enable the entry and exit of air; mouth/oral cavity- allows air and nutrients to enter your body
and helps you speak; pharynx- (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx) carries air, food, and
fluid down from the nose and mouth; larynx- lets air pass from your throat to your trachea and
also contains your voice box.
What are the structures of the lower airway and what are their functions? Trachea- leads air
from larynx to lungs; bronchi- the two main passages from the trachea to the lungs for air
movement; bronchioles- small branches of the bronchi, alveoli- air sacs of the lungs
Function of the diaphragm Essential to breathing and separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominal cavity
Respiratory rates based on age: Adults 8-24, elderly 20-22, children 18-37, infants 30-60
Name the chambers of the heart and their functions Right atrium- receives oxygen depleted
blood from the veins; left atrium- receives oxygen rich blood from the pulmonary veins from
the lungs; right ventricle- pumps oxygen depleted blood to pulmonary arteries; left ventricle-
pumps oxygen rich blood to the major artery from the heart
What is the pericardium? A double walled sack that encloses the heart, gives support, and
prevents friction as the heart moves within it.
Name the 4 valves of the heart and their functions Tricuspid valve- between right atrium
and right ventricle, pulmonary valve- at base of pulmonary artery in the right ventricle; mitral
valve- between left atrium and left ventricle; aortic valve- at base of aortic artery in the left
ventricle
What are the intrinsic rates of the heart's electrical impulses? SA node- 60 to 100; AV node-
40 to 60, Bundle of His- 40 to 60
, Name the 9 major arteries Aorta, coronary arteries, carotid arteries, femoral arteries,
dorsalis pedis arteries, posterior tibial arteries, brachial arteries, radial arteries, and pulmonary
arteries
Name the 2 major veins Venae cavae and pulmonary veins
Name the 4 major components of blood Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and
plasma
What are the 4 peripheral pulse locations? Radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis
pedis
What are the 2 central pulse locations? Carotid and femoral
Major signs of hypoperfusion Low BP, tachypnea, pale skin color, agitation, altered mental
status
List the vessel types and what kind of blood they carry Arteries- O2 rich blood, arterioles- O2
rich blood, capillaries- O2 rich and O2 depleted blood, venules- O2 depleted blood, veins- O2
depleted blood (except pulmonary veins)
Baseline vital signs The first set of vital sign measurements to which subsequent
measurements can be compared
Auscultate To listen for sounds within the body using a stethoscope
Palpate Feeling, as for a pulse
Tachypnea Abnormally rapid breathing
