NURS 332 – FINAL EXAM | COMPLETE 200 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS – CLINICAL APPLICATION & NURSING
THEORY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS INCLUDED
THE NURS 332 FINAL EXAM COVERS ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN NURSING
THEORY AND CLINICAL PRACTICE, INCLUDING COMPLEX PATIENT CARE,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS, AND PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS. IT TESTS STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO APPLY CRITICAL THINKING AND
INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE TO REAL-LIFE CLINICAL SCENARIOS, PREPARING
THEM FOR PRACTICE AND LICENSURE.
Why is HDL considered good cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER-It's able to remove cholesterol
from artery plaques and recycle it back to the liver.
Why is HDL consider good cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER-HDL is considered good cholesterol
because it collects excess cholesterol in the body cells and transports it to the liver where it is
excreted. HDL carries 20 to 25% of total plasma cholesterol.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER-
Inflammation in the heart muscle caused by chronic inflammatory processes leads to mitochondrial
damage that results in an increased free radical production that further activates the chronic
inflammatory vicious cycle
Discuss how ascites develops as a result of portal hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-There are
several theories that contribute to ascites. In the underfilling theory the primary abnormality is
inappropriate sequestration of fluid within the splanchnic vascular bed to the portal hypertension
and a subsequent decrease in effective circulating blood volume.
Discuss how ascites develops as a result of portal hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-This
underfilling theory activates the plasma renin, aldosterone, and sympathetic nervous system,
resulting in renal sodium and water retention.
Discuss how ascites develops as a result of portal hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-The
overflow theory postulates that increased portal pressure along with decreased serum albumin
cause capillary hydrostatic pressure to exceed capillary oncotic pressure pushing transudative fluid
into the peritoneal cavity
,Overflow theory of ascites - CORRECT ANSWER-postulates that increased portal pressure along
with decreased serum albumin cause capillary hydrostatic pressure to exceed capillary oncotic
pressure pushing transudative fluid into the peritoneal cavity
Underfilling theory of ascites - CORRECT ANSWER-the primary abnormality is inappropriate
sequestration of fluid within the splanchnic vascular bed to the portal hypertension and a
subsequent decrease in effective circulating blood volume.
Underfilling theory of ascites - CORRECT ANSWER-This activates the plasma renin, aldosterone,
and sympathetic nervous system, resulting in renal sodium and water retention.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER-
Activated mast cells recruit inflammatory cells that provoke plaque formation and lead to
atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammatory infiltrates occupy layers of arteries were stable plaques are
formed and associated with atherosclerosis.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER-
Additionally active inflammation involves a thinning at the fibrous Of atherosclerotic plaque which
predisposes vulnerable plaque to rupture.
Why does the APRN recognize as the result of the pleural friction rub? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
inflammation of the pericardium due to either the underlying autoimmune disease or a post viral
syndrome causes roughening of the pericardium. This causes the classic rug which can be best heard
at the Apex of the heart and left sternal border.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-
Rheumatic heart disease RHD only develops after a pharyngeal infection with group a beta hemolytic
streptococcus. It is an abnormal response to humoral and cell mediated response to M proteins.
Inflammation causes proliferative and exudative lesions in connective tissue.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-
Inflammation causes scarring of the valve tissue. Inflammation usually affects the endocardium
which contains the valves. Endocardial inflammation causes swelling of leaflets in the valves.
, Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of a DVT in this patient and
explain how each of the factors could cause DVT - CORRECT ANSWER-Virchow's Triad caused
damage to the walls of the vessels. Injury to the intimal layer of the vessel, antiplatelet substances
such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, along with the expression of collagen on the vessel wall, causes
adherence to the platelets to the vessel wall.
Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of a DVT in this patient and
explain how each of the factors could cause DVT - CORRECT ANSWER-Platelets become
activated, then aggregate, forming clots. Venous stasis is a result of obesity, patients advanced age,
and inability to perform physical therapy therapy.
Explain why large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWER-The
embolus lodges somewhere in the pulmonary circulation and causes a ventilation/perfusion
mismatch V/Q. Ventilation perfusion mismatch or V/Q defects are defects in total long ventilation
perfusion ratio.
Explain why large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWER-It is a
condition in which one or more areas of the lung receive oxygen but no blood flow, or they receive
blood flow but no oxygen due to obstruction somewhere in the pulmonary circulation. This causes a
decreased area for oxygen exchange.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain - CORRECT ANSWER-
The V/Q mismatch causes release of neurohumeral substances and inflammatory mediators that
cause vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vasculature further impeding oxygenation.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hemodynamically this vasoconstriction results in pulmonary hypertension, making it difficult for the
right ventricle to pump blood.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain - CORRECT ANSWER-
The V/Q mismatch also creates decreased production of surfactant causing atelectasis that further
decreases surface area available for oxygen exchange.
Explain early asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses - CORRECT
ANSWER-When there is an initial airway exposure to an antigen, an innate and adaptive immune
response is initiated.
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS – CLINICAL APPLICATION & NURSING
THEORY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS INCLUDED
THE NURS 332 FINAL EXAM COVERS ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN NURSING
THEORY AND CLINICAL PRACTICE, INCLUDING COMPLEX PATIENT CARE,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS, AND PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS. IT TESTS STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO APPLY CRITICAL THINKING AND
INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE TO REAL-LIFE CLINICAL SCENARIOS, PREPARING
THEM FOR PRACTICE AND LICENSURE.
Why is HDL considered good cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER-It's able to remove cholesterol
from artery plaques and recycle it back to the liver.
Why is HDL consider good cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER-HDL is considered good cholesterol
because it collects excess cholesterol in the body cells and transports it to the liver where it is
excreted. HDL carries 20 to 25% of total plasma cholesterol.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER-
Inflammation in the heart muscle caused by chronic inflammatory processes leads to mitochondrial
damage that results in an increased free radical production that further activates the chronic
inflammatory vicious cycle
Discuss how ascites develops as a result of portal hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-There are
several theories that contribute to ascites. In the underfilling theory the primary abnormality is
inappropriate sequestration of fluid within the splanchnic vascular bed to the portal hypertension
and a subsequent decrease in effective circulating blood volume.
Discuss how ascites develops as a result of portal hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-This
underfilling theory activates the plasma renin, aldosterone, and sympathetic nervous system,
resulting in renal sodium and water retention.
Discuss how ascites develops as a result of portal hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-The
overflow theory postulates that increased portal pressure along with decreased serum albumin
cause capillary hydrostatic pressure to exceed capillary oncotic pressure pushing transudative fluid
into the peritoneal cavity
,Overflow theory of ascites - CORRECT ANSWER-postulates that increased portal pressure along
with decreased serum albumin cause capillary hydrostatic pressure to exceed capillary oncotic
pressure pushing transudative fluid into the peritoneal cavity
Underfilling theory of ascites - CORRECT ANSWER-the primary abnormality is inappropriate
sequestration of fluid within the splanchnic vascular bed to the portal hypertension and a
subsequent decrease in effective circulating blood volume.
Underfilling theory of ascites - CORRECT ANSWER-This activates the plasma renin, aldosterone,
and sympathetic nervous system, resulting in renal sodium and water retention.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER-
Activated mast cells recruit inflammatory cells that provoke plaque formation and lead to
atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammatory infiltrates occupy layers of arteries were stable plaques are
formed and associated with atherosclerosis.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER-
Additionally active inflammation involves a thinning at the fibrous Of atherosclerotic plaque which
predisposes vulnerable plaque to rupture.
Why does the APRN recognize as the result of the pleural friction rub? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
inflammation of the pericardium due to either the underlying autoimmune disease or a post viral
syndrome causes roughening of the pericardium. This causes the classic rug which can be best heard
at the Apex of the heart and left sternal border.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-
Rheumatic heart disease RHD only develops after a pharyngeal infection with group a beta hemolytic
streptococcus. It is an abnormal response to humoral and cell mediated response to M proteins.
Inflammation causes proliferative and exudative lesions in connective tissue.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-
Inflammation causes scarring of the valve tissue. Inflammation usually affects the endocardium
which contains the valves. Endocardial inflammation causes swelling of leaflets in the valves.
, Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of a DVT in this patient and
explain how each of the factors could cause DVT - CORRECT ANSWER-Virchow's Triad caused
damage to the walls of the vessels. Injury to the intimal layer of the vessel, antiplatelet substances
such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, along with the expression of collagen on the vessel wall, causes
adherence to the platelets to the vessel wall.
Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of a DVT in this patient and
explain how each of the factors could cause DVT - CORRECT ANSWER-Platelets become
activated, then aggregate, forming clots. Venous stasis is a result of obesity, patients advanced age,
and inability to perform physical therapy therapy.
Explain why large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWER-The
embolus lodges somewhere in the pulmonary circulation and causes a ventilation/perfusion
mismatch V/Q. Ventilation perfusion mismatch or V/Q defects are defects in total long ventilation
perfusion ratio.
Explain why large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWER-It is a
condition in which one or more areas of the lung receive oxygen but no blood flow, or they receive
blood flow but no oxygen due to obstruction somewhere in the pulmonary circulation. This causes a
decreased area for oxygen exchange.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain - CORRECT ANSWER-
The V/Q mismatch causes release of neurohumeral substances and inflammatory mediators that
cause vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vasculature further impeding oxygenation.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hemodynamically this vasoconstriction results in pulmonary hypertension, making it difficult for the
right ventricle to pump blood.
Explain why a large pulmonary embolism causes right ventricular strain - CORRECT ANSWER-
The V/Q mismatch also creates decreased production of surfactant causing atelectasis that further
decreases surface area available for oxygen exchange.
Explain early asthmatic responses in the cells responsible for the responses - CORRECT
ANSWER-When there is an initial airway exposure to an antigen, an innate and adaptive immune
response is initiated.
