Module 7: Basic Care HESI/Saunders
Revision Exam Questions And All
Correct Answers Rated
A+(2025\2026)Edition.
The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension about foods that are low in sodium. Which
menu selections by the client indicate to the nurse that the client understands what has been
taught? Select all that apply.
a. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes
b. Boiled lobster with baked potato
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
d. Instant hot cereal with bacon
e. Tomato soup with a ham sandwich - Answer a. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium include fruits and vegetables, which do not contain
physiologic saline. Fresh poultry and pastas are also low in sodium. Highly processed and
refined foods and luncheon meats are high in sodium unless they are specifically labeled "low
sodium." Saltwater fish and shellfish are higher in sodium.
A nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with a new diagnosis of gout. Which menu
suggestions by the client indicate to the nurse that the client needs additional instruction?
Select all that apply.
a. Carrots
b. Tapioca
c. Scallops
d. Broccoli
e. Chicken liver - Answer c. Scallops
e. Chicken Liver
Rationale: Organ meats such as liver, as well as certain sea foods, including scallops, sardines,
and herring, should be omitted from the diet of the client who with gout because of the high
purine content. The foods identified in the other options contain negligible amounts of purines
and may be consumed freely by the client with gout.
,b. Apple juice
c. Orange juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
f. Vanilla ice cream - Answer b. Apple juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
Rationale: A clear liquid diet consists of foods, such as apple juice, chicken broth, and gelatin,
which are relatively transparent. Custard, orange juice, and vanilla ice cream are components of
a full liquid diet.
Triamterene has been prescribed for a client with a history of hypertension. Which fruits should
the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat while taking this medication? Select all that apply.
a. Prunes
b. Apples
c. Peaches
d. Avocados
e. Nectarines
f. Cranberries - Answer b. Apples
c. Peaches
f. Cranberries
Rationale: Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, so the client should avoid foods high in
potassium. Fruits that are naturally high in potassium include dried prunes, avocado, bananas,
fresh oranges and mangoes, nectarines, and papayas.
Diverticulitis has been diagnosed in a client who has been experiencing episodes of
gastrointestinal cramping. The nurse should tell the client to maintain which type of diet, during
the asymptomatic period?
a. Low in fat
b. High in fiber
c. Low in residue
d. High in carbohydrates - Answer b. High in fiber
Rationale: When a client's diverticulitis is asymptomatic, a soft high-fiber diet containing fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains is recommended. The client is also instructed to consume a small
,A nurse is teaching a client with heart disease about a low-fat diet. Which foods should the
nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all that apply.
a. Avocados
b. Baked tuna
c. Green olives
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
f. Cream cheese - Answer b. Baked tuna
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
Rationale: Fruits and vegetables tend to be lower in fat because they do not come from animal
sources, although olives, though technically a fruit, are high in fat (as are avocados), and fish is
also naturally lower in fat. Meats and dairy products (e.g., cream cheese) are higher in fat,
although modifications can be made to these foods to reduce their fat content.
A client with atrial fibrillation has been placed on warfarin sodium. As part of the instructions
for the medication, which foods does the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all
that apply.
a. Lettuce
b. Cherries Correct
c. Broccoli
d. Cabbage
e. Potatoes Correct
f. Spaghetti Correct - Answer b. Cherries
e. Potatoes
f. Spaghetti
Rationale: Anticoagulant medications work by antagonizing the action of vitamin K, which is
needed for clotting. When a client is taking an anticoagulant, foods high in vitamin K are often
omitted from the diet. Vitamin K is found in large amounts in green leafy vegetables such as
lettuce, broccoli, spinach, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and turnip greens. Cherries, potatoes, and
spaghetti are foods that are low in vitamin K.
A regular diet has been prescribed for a client with a leg fracture who has been placed in
skeletal traction. Which foods that will promote wound healing does the nurse encourage the
client to select from the hospital menu?
, d. Peanut butter and jelly sandwich, chocolate cake, tea - Answer c. Chicken breast, broccoli,
strawberries, milk
Rationale: Protein and vitamin C are necessary for wound healing. Poultry and milk are good
sources of protein. Broccoli and strawberries are good sources of vitamin C. Peanut butter is a
source of niacin. Gelatin, jelly, tea, and ginger ale have no nutritional value. Pasta, rice, and
bread deliver complex carbohydrates. Spare ribs may contain some protein but are high in fat.
A client who experienced a stroke (brain attack) is experiencing residual dysphagia. Which foods
should the nurse remove from the client's meal tray?
a. Peas
b. Scrambled eggs
c. Cheese casserole
d. Mashed potatoes - Answer a. Peas
Rationale: In general, flavorful, warm, or well-chilled foods with texture stimulate the swallow
reflex. Moist pastas, casseroles, egg dishes, and potatoes are usually well tolerated. Raw
vegetables, chunky vegetables such as diced beets, stringy vegetables, and those with skin, such
as corn and peas are foods commonly excluded from the diet of a client with dysphagia.
A client recovering from acute kidney injury (AKI) is being discharged home. The nurse
determines that the client understands the therapeutic dietary regimen when the client states
that he will plan to eat foods that are low in which substance?
a. Fats
b. Vitamins
c. Potassium
d. Carbohydrates - Answer c. Potassium
Rationale: Most excretion of potassium and control of potassium balance is carried out by the
kidneys. In the client with AKI, potassium intake is limited. The primary mechanism of
potassium removal during AKI is dialysis. Vitamins, carbohydrates, and fats are not normally
restricted in the client with AKI.
A client is resuming eating after undergoing partial gastrectomy. What measures should the
nurse tell the client to take to minimize the risk of complications? Select all that apply.
a. Lying down after eating
b. Eating high-protein foods
c. Drinking liquids with meals
d. Eating six small meals per day
Revision Exam Questions And All
Correct Answers Rated
A+(2025\2026)Edition.
The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension about foods that are low in sodium. Which
menu selections by the client indicate to the nurse that the client understands what has been
taught? Select all that apply.
a. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes
b. Boiled lobster with baked potato
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
d. Instant hot cereal with bacon
e. Tomato soup with a ham sandwich - Answer a. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium include fruits and vegetables, which do not contain
physiologic saline. Fresh poultry and pastas are also low in sodium. Highly processed and
refined foods and luncheon meats are high in sodium unless they are specifically labeled "low
sodium." Saltwater fish and shellfish are higher in sodium.
A nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with a new diagnosis of gout. Which menu
suggestions by the client indicate to the nurse that the client needs additional instruction?
Select all that apply.
a. Carrots
b. Tapioca
c. Scallops
d. Broccoli
e. Chicken liver - Answer c. Scallops
e. Chicken Liver
Rationale: Organ meats such as liver, as well as certain sea foods, including scallops, sardines,
and herring, should be omitted from the diet of the client who with gout because of the high
purine content. The foods identified in the other options contain negligible amounts of purines
and may be consumed freely by the client with gout.
,b. Apple juice
c. Orange juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
f. Vanilla ice cream - Answer b. Apple juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
Rationale: A clear liquid diet consists of foods, such as apple juice, chicken broth, and gelatin,
which are relatively transparent. Custard, orange juice, and vanilla ice cream are components of
a full liquid diet.
Triamterene has been prescribed for a client with a history of hypertension. Which fruits should
the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat while taking this medication? Select all that apply.
a. Prunes
b. Apples
c. Peaches
d. Avocados
e. Nectarines
f. Cranberries - Answer b. Apples
c. Peaches
f. Cranberries
Rationale: Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, so the client should avoid foods high in
potassium. Fruits that are naturally high in potassium include dried prunes, avocado, bananas,
fresh oranges and mangoes, nectarines, and papayas.
Diverticulitis has been diagnosed in a client who has been experiencing episodes of
gastrointestinal cramping. The nurse should tell the client to maintain which type of diet, during
the asymptomatic period?
a. Low in fat
b. High in fiber
c. Low in residue
d. High in carbohydrates - Answer b. High in fiber
Rationale: When a client's diverticulitis is asymptomatic, a soft high-fiber diet containing fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains is recommended. The client is also instructed to consume a small
,A nurse is teaching a client with heart disease about a low-fat diet. Which foods should the
nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all that apply.
a. Avocados
b. Baked tuna
c. Green olives
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
f. Cream cheese - Answer b. Baked tuna
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
Rationale: Fruits and vegetables tend to be lower in fat because they do not come from animal
sources, although olives, though technically a fruit, are high in fat (as are avocados), and fish is
also naturally lower in fat. Meats and dairy products (e.g., cream cheese) are higher in fat,
although modifications can be made to these foods to reduce their fat content.
A client with atrial fibrillation has been placed on warfarin sodium. As part of the instructions
for the medication, which foods does the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all
that apply.
a. Lettuce
b. Cherries Correct
c. Broccoli
d. Cabbage
e. Potatoes Correct
f. Spaghetti Correct - Answer b. Cherries
e. Potatoes
f. Spaghetti
Rationale: Anticoagulant medications work by antagonizing the action of vitamin K, which is
needed for clotting. When a client is taking an anticoagulant, foods high in vitamin K are often
omitted from the diet. Vitamin K is found in large amounts in green leafy vegetables such as
lettuce, broccoli, spinach, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and turnip greens. Cherries, potatoes, and
spaghetti are foods that are low in vitamin K.
A regular diet has been prescribed for a client with a leg fracture who has been placed in
skeletal traction. Which foods that will promote wound healing does the nurse encourage the
client to select from the hospital menu?
, d. Peanut butter and jelly sandwich, chocolate cake, tea - Answer c. Chicken breast, broccoli,
strawberries, milk
Rationale: Protein and vitamin C are necessary for wound healing. Poultry and milk are good
sources of protein. Broccoli and strawberries are good sources of vitamin C. Peanut butter is a
source of niacin. Gelatin, jelly, tea, and ginger ale have no nutritional value. Pasta, rice, and
bread deliver complex carbohydrates. Spare ribs may contain some protein but are high in fat.
A client who experienced a stroke (brain attack) is experiencing residual dysphagia. Which foods
should the nurse remove from the client's meal tray?
a. Peas
b. Scrambled eggs
c. Cheese casserole
d. Mashed potatoes - Answer a. Peas
Rationale: In general, flavorful, warm, or well-chilled foods with texture stimulate the swallow
reflex. Moist pastas, casseroles, egg dishes, and potatoes are usually well tolerated. Raw
vegetables, chunky vegetables such as diced beets, stringy vegetables, and those with skin, such
as corn and peas are foods commonly excluded from the diet of a client with dysphagia.
A client recovering from acute kidney injury (AKI) is being discharged home. The nurse
determines that the client understands the therapeutic dietary regimen when the client states
that he will plan to eat foods that are low in which substance?
a. Fats
b. Vitamins
c. Potassium
d. Carbohydrates - Answer c. Potassium
Rationale: Most excretion of potassium and control of potassium balance is carried out by the
kidneys. In the client with AKI, potassium intake is limited. The primary mechanism of
potassium removal during AKI is dialysis. Vitamins, carbohydrates, and fats are not normally
restricted in the client with AKI.
A client is resuming eating after undergoing partial gastrectomy. What measures should the
nurse tell the client to take to minimize the risk of complications? Select all that apply.
a. Lying down after eating
b. Eating high-protein foods
c. Drinking liquids with meals
d. Eating six small meals per day
