RDHAP LAW AND ETHICS EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS 2025/2026 GRADED A+
✔✔As used in this article "child" means: - ✔✔A person under the age of 18 years.
✔✔As used in this article, "sexual abuse" means sexual assault or sexual exploitation
as defined by the following: - ✔✔(a) "Sexual assault" means conduct in violation of one
or more of the following sections: Section 261 (rape), subdivision (d) of Section 261.5
(statutory rape), Section 264.1 (rape in concert), Section 285 (incest), Section 286
(sodomy), Section 287 or former Section 288a (oral copulation), subdivision (a) or (b) of,
or paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of, Section 288 (lewd or lascivious acts upon a child),
Section 289 (sexual penetration), or Section 647.6 (child molestation). "Sexual assault"
for the purposes of this article does not include voluntary conduct in violation of Section
286, 287, or 289, or former Section 288a, if there are no indicators of abuse, unless the
conduct is between a person 21 years of age or older and a minor who is under 16
years of age.
✔✔Conduct described as "sexual assault" includes, but is not limited to, all of the
following: - ✔✔(1) Penetration, however slight, of the vagina or anal opening of one
person by the penis of another person, whether or not there is the emission of semen.
(2) Sexual contact between the genitals or anal opening of one person and the mouth or
tongue of another person.
(3) Intrusion by one person into the genitals or anal opening of another person,
including the use of an object for this purpose, except that, it does not include acts
performed for a valid medical purpose.
(4) The intentional touching of the genitals or intimate parts, including the breasts,
genital area, groin, inner thighs, and buttocks, or the clothing covering them, of a child,
or of the perpetrator by a child, for purposes of sexual arousal or gratification, except
that it does not include acts which may reasonably be construed to be normal caretaker
responsibilities; interactions with, or demonstrations of affection for, the child; or acts
performed for a valid medical purpose.
(5) The intentional masturbation of the perpetrator's genitals in the presence of a child.
✔✔"Sexual exploitation" refers to any of the following: - ✔✔(1) Conduct involving matter
depicting a minor engaged in obscene acts in violation of Section 311.2 (preparing,
selling, or distributing obscene matter) or subdivision (a) of Section 311.4 (employment
of minor to perform obscene acts).
(2) A person who knowingly promotes, aids, or assists, employs, uses, persuades,
induces, or coerces a child, or a person responsible for a child's welfare, who knowingly
permits or encourages a child to engage in, or assist others to engage in, prostitution or
,a live performance involving obscene sexual conduct, or to either pose or model alone
or with others for purposes of preparing a film, photograph, negative, slide, drawing,
painting, or other pictorial depiction, involving obscene sexual conduct. For the purpose
of this section, "person responsible for a child's welfare" means a parent, guardian,
foster parent, or a licensed administrator or employee of a public or private residential
home, residential school, or other residential institution.
(3) A person who depicts a child in, or who knowingly develops, duplicates, prints,
downloads, streams, accesses through any electronic or digital media, or exchanges, a
film, photograph, videotape, video recording, negative, or slide in which a child is
engaged in an act of obscene sexual conduct, except for those activities by law
enforcement and prosecution agencies and other persons described in subdivisions (c)
and (e) of Section 311.3.
✔✔"Commercial sexual exploitation" refers to either of the following: - ✔✔(1) The sexual
trafficking of a child, as described in subdivision (c) of Section 236.1.
(2) The provision of food, shelter, or payment to a child in exchange for the performance
of any sexual act described in this section or subdivision (c) of Section 236.1.
✔✔True or False:
As used in this article, "neglect" means the negligent treatment or the maltreatment of a
child by a person responsible for the child's welfare under circumstances indicating
harm or threatened harm to the child's health or welfare. The term includes both acts
and omissions on the part of the responsible person. - ✔✔True
✔✔"Severe neglect" means - ✔✔The negligent failure of a person having the care or
custody of a child to protect the child from severe malnutrition or medically diagnosed
nonorganic failure to thrive. "Severe neglect" also means those situations of neglect
where any person having the care or custody of a child willfully causes or permits the
person or health of the child to be placed in a situation such that his or her person or
health is endangered, as proscribed by Section 11165.3, including the intentional failure
to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical care.
✔✔"General neglect" means - ✔✔The negligent failure of a person having the care or
custody of a child to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or
supervision where no physical injury to the child has occurred.
✔✔True or False:
For the purposes of this chapter, a child receiving treatment by spiritual means as
provided in Section 16509.1 of the Welfare and Institutions Code or not receiving
specified medical treatment for religious reasons, shall not for that reason alone be
considered a neglected child. An informed and appropriate medical decision made by
,parent or guardian after consultation with a physician or physicians who have examined
the minor does not constitute neglect. - ✔✔True
✔✔"The willful harming or injuring of a child or the endangering of the person or health
of a child," means - ✔✔A situation in which any person willfully causes or permits any
child to suffer, or inflicts thereon, unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering, or
having the care or custody of any child, willfully causes or permits the person or health
of the child to be placed in a situation in which his or her person or health is
endangered.
✔✔"Unlawful corporal punishment or injury" means - ✔✔A situation where any person
willfully inflicts upon any child any cruel or inhuman corporal punishment or injury
resulting in a traumatic condition.
It does not include an amount of force that is reasonable and necessary for a person
employed by or engaged in a public school to quell a disturbance threatening physical
injury to person or damage to property, for purposes of self-defense, or to obtain
possession of weapons or other dangerous objects within the control of the pupil, as
authorized by Section 49001 of the Education Code.
It also does not include the exercise of the degree of physical control authorized by
Section 44807 of the Education Code. It also does not include an injury caused by
reasonable and necessary force used by a peace officer acting within the course and
scope of his or her employment as a peace officer.
✔✔the term "abuse or neglect in out-of-home care" includes: - ✔✔Physical injury or
death inflicted upon a child by another person by other than accidental means, sexual
abuse as defined in Section 11165.1, neglect as defined in Section 11165.2, unlawful
corporal punishment or injury as defined in Section 11165.4, or the willful harming or
injuring of a child or the endangering of the person or health of a child, as defined in
Section 11165.3, where the person responsible for the child's welfare is a licensee,
administrator, or employee of any facility licensed to care for children, or an
administrator or employee of a public or private school or other institution or agency.
"Abuse or neglect in out-of-home care" does not include an injury caused by reasonable
and necessary force used by a peace officer acting within the course and scope of his
or her employment as a peace officer.
✔✔The term "child abuse or neglect" - ✔✔Includes physical injury or death inflicted by
other than accidental means upon a child by another person, sexual abuse as defined in
Section 11165.1, neglect as defined in Section 11165.2, the willful harming or injuring of
a child or the endangering of the person or health of a child, as defined in Section
11165.3, and unlawful corporal punishment or injury as defined in Section 11165.4.
"Child abuse or neglect" does not include a mutual affray between minors. "Child abuse
or neglect" does not include an injury caused by reasonable and necessary force used
, by a peace officer acting within the course and scope of his or her employment as a
peace officer.
✔✔(a) As used in this article, "mandated reporter" is defined as any of the following: -
✔✔(1) A teacher.
(2) An instructional aide.
(3) A teacher's aide or teacher's assistant employed by a public or private school.
(4) A classified employee of a public school.
(5) An administrative officer or supervisor of child welfare and attendance, or a
certificated pupil personnel employee of a public or private school.
(6) An administrator of a public or private day camp.
(7) An administrator or employee of a public or private youth center, youth recreation
program, or youth organization.
(8) An administrator, board member, or employee of a public or private organization
whose duties require direct contact and supervision of children, including a foster family
agency.
(9) An employee of a county office of education or the State Department of Education
whose duties bring the employee into contact with children on a regular basis.
(10) A licensee, an administrator, or an employee of a licensed community care or child
daycare facility.
(11) A Head Start program teacher.
(12) A licensing worker or licensing evaluator employed by a licensing agency, as
defined in Section 11165.11.
(13) A public assistance worker.
(14) An employee of a childcare institution, including, but not limited to, foster parents,
group home personnel, and personnel of residential care facilities.
(15) A social worker, probation officer, or parole officer.
(16) An employee of a school district police or security department.
(17) A person who is an administrator or presenter of, or a counselor in, a child abuse
prevention program in a public or private school.
SOLUTIONS 2025/2026 GRADED A+
✔✔As used in this article "child" means: - ✔✔A person under the age of 18 years.
✔✔As used in this article, "sexual abuse" means sexual assault or sexual exploitation
as defined by the following: - ✔✔(a) "Sexual assault" means conduct in violation of one
or more of the following sections: Section 261 (rape), subdivision (d) of Section 261.5
(statutory rape), Section 264.1 (rape in concert), Section 285 (incest), Section 286
(sodomy), Section 287 or former Section 288a (oral copulation), subdivision (a) or (b) of,
or paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of, Section 288 (lewd or lascivious acts upon a child),
Section 289 (sexual penetration), or Section 647.6 (child molestation). "Sexual assault"
for the purposes of this article does not include voluntary conduct in violation of Section
286, 287, or 289, or former Section 288a, if there are no indicators of abuse, unless the
conduct is between a person 21 years of age or older and a minor who is under 16
years of age.
✔✔Conduct described as "sexual assault" includes, but is not limited to, all of the
following: - ✔✔(1) Penetration, however slight, of the vagina or anal opening of one
person by the penis of another person, whether or not there is the emission of semen.
(2) Sexual contact between the genitals or anal opening of one person and the mouth or
tongue of another person.
(3) Intrusion by one person into the genitals or anal opening of another person,
including the use of an object for this purpose, except that, it does not include acts
performed for a valid medical purpose.
(4) The intentional touching of the genitals or intimate parts, including the breasts,
genital area, groin, inner thighs, and buttocks, or the clothing covering them, of a child,
or of the perpetrator by a child, for purposes of sexual arousal or gratification, except
that it does not include acts which may reasonably be construed to be normal caretaker
responsibilities; interactions with, or demonstrations of affection for, the child; or acts
performed for a valid medical purpose.
(5) The intentional masturbation of the perpetrator's genitals in the presence of a child.
✔✔"Sexual exploitation" refers to any of the following: - ✔✔(1) Conduct involving matter
depicting a minor engaged in obscene acts in violation of Section 311.2 (preparing,
selling, or distributing obscene matter) or subdivision (a) of Section 311.4 (employment
of minor to perform obscene acts).
(2) A person who knowingly promotes, aids, or assists, employs, uses, persuades,
induces, or coerces a child, or a person responsible for a child's welfare, who knowingly
permits or encourages a child to engage in, or assist others to engage in, prostitution or
,a live performance involving obscene sexual conduct, or to either pose or model alone
or with others for purposes of preparing a film, photograph, negative, slide, drawing,
painting, or other pictorial depiction, involving obscene sexual conduct. For the purpose
of this section, "person responsible for a child's welfare" means a parent, guardian,
foster parent, or a licensed administrator or employee of a public or private residential
home, residential school, or other residential institution.
(3) A person who depicts a child in, or who knowingly develops, duplicates, prints,
downloads, streams, accesses through any electronic or digital media, or exchanges, a
film, photograph, videotape, video recording, negative, or slide in which a child is
engaged in an act of obscene sexual conduct, except for those activities by law
enforcement and prosecution agencies and other persons described in subdivisions (c)
and (e) of Section 311.3.
✔✔"Commercial sexual exploitation" refers to either of the following: - ✔✔(1) The sexual
trafficking of a child, as described in subdivision (c) of Section 236.1.
(2) The provision of food, shelter, or payment to a child in exchange for the performance
of any sexual act described in this section or subdivision (c) of Section 236.1.
✔✔True or False:
As used in this article, "neglect" means the negligent treatment or the maltreatment of a
child by a person responsible for the child's welfare under circumstances indicating
harm or threatened harm to the child's health or welfare. The term includes both acts
and omissions on the part of the responsible person. - ✔✔True
✔✔"Severe neglect" means - ✔✔The negligent failure of a person having the care or
custody of a child to protect the child from severe malnutrition or medically diagnosed
nonorganic failure to thrive. "Severe neglect" also means those situations of neglect
where any person having the care or custody of a child willfully causes or permits the
person or health of the child to be placed in a situation such that his or her person or
health is endangered, as proscribed by Section 11165.3, including the intentional failure
to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical care.
✔✔"General neglect" means - ✔✔The negligent failure of a person having the care or
custody of a child to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or
supervision where no physical injury to the child has occurred.
✔✔True or False:
For the purposes of this chapter, a child receiving treatment by spiritual means as
provided in Section 16509.1 of the Welfare and Institutions Code or not receiving
specified medical treatment for religious reasons, shall not for that reason alone be
considered a neglected child. An informed and appropriate medical decision made by
,parent or guardian after consultation with a physician or physicians who have examined
the minor does not constitute neglect. - ✔✔True
✔✔"The willful harming or injuring of a child or the endangering of the person or health
of a child," means - ✔✔A situation in which any person willfully causes or permits any
child to suffer, or inflicts thereon, unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering, or
having the care or custody of any child, willfully causes or permits the person or health
of the child to be placed in a situation in which his or her person or health is
endangered.
✔✔"Unlawful corporal punishment or injury" means - ✔✔A situation where any person
willfully inflicts upon any child any cruel or inhuman corporal punishment or injury
resulting in a traumatic condition.
It does not include an amount of force that is reasonable and necessary for a person
employed by or engaged in a public school to quell a disturbance threatening physical
injury to person or damage to property, for purposes of self-defense, or to obtain
possession of weapons or other dangerous objects within the control of the pupil, as
authorized by Section 49001 of the Education Code.
It also does not include the exercise of the degree of physical control authorized by
Section 44807 of the Education Code. It also does not include an injury caused by
reasonable and necessary force used by a peace officer acting within the course and
scope of his or her employment as a peace officer.
✔✔the term "abuse or neglect in out-of-home care" includes: - ✔✔Physical injury or
death inflicted upon a child by another person by other than accidental means, sexual
abuse as defined in Section 11165.1, neglect as defined in Section 11165.2, unlawful
corporal punishment or injury as defined in Section 11165.4, or the willful harming or
injuring of a child or the endangering of the person or health of a child, as defined in
Section 11165.3, where the person responsible for the child's welfare is a licensee,
administrator, or employee of any facility licensed to care for children, or an
administrator or employee of a public or private school or other institution or agency.
"Abuse or neglect in out-of-home care" does not include an injury caused by reasonable
and necessary force used by a peace officer acting within the course and scope of his
or her employment as a peace officer.
✔✔The term "child abuse or neglect" - ✔✔Includes physical injury or death inflicted by
other than accidental means upon a child by another person, sexual abuse as defined in
Section 11165.1, neglect as defined in Section 11165.2, the willful harming or injuring of
a child or the endangering of the person or health of a child, as defined in Section
11165.3, and unlawful corporal punishment or injury as defined in Section 11165.4.
"Child abuse or neglect" does not include a mutual affray between minors. "Child abuse
or neglect" does not include an injury caused by reasonable and necessary force used
, by a peace officer acting within the course and scope of his or her employment as a
peace officer.
✔✔(a) As used in this article, "mandated reporter" is defined as any of the following: -
✔✔(1) A teacher.
(2) An instructional aide.
(3) A teacher's aide or teacher's assistant employed by a public or private school.
(4) A classified employee of a public school.
(5) An administrative officer or supervisor of child welfare and attendance, or a
certificated pupil personnel employee of a public or private school.
(6) An administrator of a public or private day camp.
(7) An administrator or employee of a public or private youth center, youth recreation
program, or youth organization.
(8) An administrator, board member, or employee of a public or private organization
whose duties require direct contact and supervision of children, including a foster family
agency.
(9) An employee of a county office of education or the State Department of Education
whose duties bring the employee into contact with children on a regular basis.
(10) A licensee, an administrator, or an employee of a licensed community care or child
daycare facility.
(11) A Head Start program teacher.
(12) A licensing worker or licensing evaluator employed by a licensing agency, as
defined in Section 11165.11.
(13) A public assistance worker.
(14) An employee of a childcare institution, including, but not limited to, foster parents,
group home personnel, and personnel of residential care facilities.
(15) A social worker, probation officer, or parole officer.
(16) An employee of a school district police or security department.
(17) A person who is an administrator or presenter of, or a counselor in, a child abuse
prevention program in a public or private school.
