BIOD 331
BIOD331 - Pathophysiology Module 3 Exam Study
Guide Questions and Answers 2025
What is the function of cellular immunity?
- T lymphocytes activate other T and B cells
- Control viral infections
- reject foreign tissue grafts
- activate autoimmune processes
- activate delayed hypersensitivity reactions
Define immunity.
Protection from disease
Define immune response.
The coordination of cells to provide protection
What are the two types of immune mechanisms?
Innate and adaptive
What is innate immunity?
First line of defense. Defense takes place before an infection occurs and can
function immediately. Comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular
forces.
How can microorganisms enter the body?
Skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts.
Explain the defense mechanism of the skin.
BIOD 331
,BIOD 331
1. Has tightly packed, layered cells that are continuously being shed and renewed
2. Keratin creates a salty, acidic environment
3. Antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes inhibit microorganisms
The initial immune response is ___________ defense as it is unable to
distinguished between various foreign agents.
Generalized
Name the 5 cells responsible for innate response.
1. Neutrophils
2. Macrophages
3. Dendritic cells
4. Natural killer cells
5. Intraepithelial lymphocytes
What are the two categories of leukocytes?
1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
What are granulocytes?
Leukocytes that contain granulues
What do granulocytes consist of?
1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
What are agranulocytes?
Leukocytes that do not contain granules
BIOD 331
, BIOD 331
What do agranulocytes consist of?
1. Monocytes
2. Macrophages
3. Lymphocytes
What are neutrophils and how do they work?
Most abundant cell in the body (55% of all white blood cells)
Early responder in innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill microbes.
What are eosinophils?
Make up 1-4% of white blood cells.
Become active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
What are basophils?
release histamine and proteolytic enzymes.
Play a role in allergic and parasitic infections.
What are macrophages?
1. Longer lifespan, resides in tissues, and are the first phagocyte that organisms
encounter
2. work together with neutrophils
What do monocytes do?
Largest size but make up 3-7% of leukocyte count.
Released from bone marrow
Mature into macrophages and dendritic cells.
Engage in inflammatory response, phagocytize foreign substances.
What do natural killer cells do?
BIOD 331
BIOD331 - Pathophysiology Module 3 Exam Study
Guide Questions and Answers 2025
What is the function of cellular immunity?
- T lymphocytes activate other T and B cells
- Control viral infections
- reject foreign tissue grafts
- activate autoimmune processes
- activate delayed hypersensitivity reactions
Define immunity.
Protection from disease
Define immune response.
The coordination of cells to provide protection
What are the two types of immune mechanisms?
Innate and adaptive
What is innate immunity?
First line of defense. Defense takes place before an infection occurs and can
function immediately. Comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular
forces.
How can microorganisms enter the body?
Skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts.
Explain the defense mechanism of the skin.
BIOD 331
,BIOD 331
1. Has tightly packed, layered cells that are continuously being shed and renewed
2. Keratin creates a salty, acidic environment
3. Antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes inhibit microorganisms
The initial immune response is ___________ defense as it is unable to
distinguished between various foreign agents.
Generalized
Name the 5 cells responsible for innate response.
1. Neutrophils
2. Macrophages
3. Dendritic cells
4. Natural killer cells
5. Intraepithelial lymphocytes
What are the two categories of leukocytes?
1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
What are granulocytes?
Leukocytes that contain granulues
What do granulocytes consist of?
1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
What are agranulocytes?
Leukocytes that do not contain granules
BIOD 331
, BIOD 331
What do agranulocytes consist of?
1. Monocytes
2. Macrophages
3. Lymphocytes
What are neutrophils and how do they work?
Most abundant cell in the body (55% of all white blood cells)
Early responder in innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill microbes.
What are eosinophils?
Make up 1-4% of white blood cells.
Become active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
What are basophils?
release histamine and proteolytic enzymes.
Play a role in allergic and parasitic infections.
What are macrophages?
1. Longer lifespan, resides in tissues, and are the first phagocyte that organisms
encounter
2. work together with neutrophils
What do monocytes do?
Largest size but make up 3-7% of leukocyte count.
Released from bone marrow
Mature into macrophages and dendritic cells.
Engage in inflammatory response, phagocytize foreign substances.
What do natural killer cells do?
BIOD 331
