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Class notes Chemistry

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Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of bonds, often accompanied by energy changes. These changes can be exothermic (release energy) or endothermic (absorb energy), affecting reaction rates and equilibrium. Understanding energy changes helps predict whether a reaction is spontaneous and how much energy is needed or released.

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS & ENERGY
CHANGES
Welcome to the exciting world of chemistry! In this document, we'll explore
how chemical reactions, the processes that transform substances, are deeply
connected to energy. You'll learn about the energy that goes into and comes
out of these reactions, and why this is so important in understanding the
world around us.


WHAT IS A CHEMICAL REACTION?
A chemical reaction is a process that involves the rearrangement of the
structures of molecules or compounds. In a chemical reaction, substances
called reactants are changed into different substances, called products. This
change often involves the breaking of old chemical bonds and the formation
of new ones.


ENERGY IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Energy is a fundamental concept in chemistry, and it plays a crucial role in
every chemical reaction. Chemical reactions involve changes in energy
because the bonds that hold atoms together in molecules store energy. To
break these bonds, energy must be added. When new bonds are formed,
energy is released.

The overall energy change in a chemical reaction depends on the balance
between the energy required to break bonds and the energy released when
new bonds are formed. Energy is always conserved, meaning it cannot be
created or destroyed, only transferred or changed from one form to another.

Chemical reactions involve energy changes as bonds are broken and formed.

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June 30, 2025
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Frederick
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