Praxis Elementary Education Social Studies Subtest - Part 1 (US History) Test Questions and Correct Answers

Praxis Elementary Education Social Studies Subtest - Part 1 (US History) Test Questions and Correct Answers European exploration This widespread exploration of the world by European seafaring explorers- primarily supported by Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands; led to the colonization of the Americas and the founding of trade outposts throughout the world; efforts expanded trade and the global economy and promoted cross-cultural exchange, but also had a devastating effect on conquered populations in many cases. Jamestown First successful English settlement on the mainland of North America (Virginia), founded on May 14, 1607; 104 men, only 38 survived first winter Plymouth Most notably recalled early colony; Settlers arrived on the Mayflower ship; November 1620; Many families versus single men Thirteen Original Colonies British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America, later formed the United States , earliest in 1607 in Massachusetts (which included what we now call Maine), New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York (also included what we now call Vermont), New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia (later became VA, WV, & KY), North Carolina, South Carolina, and latest in 1733 in Georgia. American Revolution () The American colonies uprising against Great Britian to obtains political independence. The war ultimately established the United States as a sovereign country; Stamp Act of 1765 - "taxation without representation"; Tea tax and Boston Tea Party 1773; Intolerable Acts" of 1774; First Continental Congress 1775; Second Continental Congress 1775 results in Declaration of Independence issued July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain; Primary writer Thomas Jefferson Revolutionary War 1775 - fighting begins at Lexington & Concord; 1778 - French became allied with US; 1781 - British army captured at Yorktown ends fighting; 1783 - Treaty of Paris confirms US independence Articles of Confederation A constitution drafted by the newly independent states in 1777 and ratified in 1781. It created a weak national government that could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. In 1789, it was replaced by our current constitution in order to create a stronger national government. United States Constitution Created 1787, ratified 1788, National Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation; Includes a central government divided into three branches: Executive (President), Legislative (Senate & House of Representatives), and Judicial (Supreme Court) - all controlled by checks and balances - that controls taxes, army, trade, and currency. Bill of Rights 1791 - comprised the first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing many "natural rights" that were influential in justifying the revolution, and attempted to balance a strong national government with strong state governments and broad personal liberties. Popular Sovereignty A belief that ultimate power resides in the people Federalists Favored a strong united central government, close ties to Britain, a centralized banking system, and close links between the government and men of wealth; Led by Alexander Hamilton Anti-federalists Opposed policies of the Federalist Party; Led by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson Marbury v. Madison The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789).