BMSC 207 Unlocked: Mastering Anatomy & Physiology with Real Questions & Answers | 2025 Exam Updates.

BMSC 207 Unlocked: Mastering Anatomy & Physiology with Real Questions & Answers | 2025 Exam Updates. About This Guide: This comprehensive resource includes verified questions and answers from Mastering A&P, tailored for BMSC 207. Whether you're reviewing for an upcoming exam or reinforcing lecture content, this guide is designed to help you study smarter and retain more. Includes topics such as body systems, physiology concepts, and exam-style scenarios. Define interstitial fluid, indicating whether it is inside (intracellular) or outside (extracellular) cells interstitial fluid is extracellular fluid outside the circulatory system and the cells Which two fluid compartments make up the extracellular fluid? Plasma and interstitial fluid Glucose moves from the plasma into a skeletal muscle cell, where it is used for energy. Through which fluid compartment does glucose move between the plasma and the skeletal muscle cell? interstitial fluid Cell membranes are mainly made up of __ lipids and proteins Functions of the cell membrane include physical isolation, regulation of exchange, structural support, and which other function? communication between the cell and its environment Which of the following phrases best defines something that is hydrophobic? A substance that __ does not mix with water If you were to throw many phospholipids into an aqueous solution, which of the following would you observe? Phosphate heads and lipid tails would orient away from each other, with the phosphate heads facing either the extracellular or intracellular fluid and the tails facing each other. droplets of phospholipids containing a lipid core/center are micelles two rows of phospholipids that form a sheet with tails facing each other and heads on either side facing the aqueous solution are bilayer A double membrane droplet containing proteins along the center and an aqueous core are liposomes The cell membrane is made up of many different kinds of proteins. These proteins can be classified as either peripheral, transmembrane, or lipid-anchored proteins. Regardless of their classification, these proteins all play an important role in the function and integrity of a cell. Which of the following properly describes the function of membrane proteins? to allow for cell-cell communication to serve as a channel for the transport of molecules between extracellular and intracellular fluid to provide structural stability for the cell to combine with a carbohydrate, providing an immune response and/or cell recognition You decide to further analyze the nature of the proteins found within the membrane of the skeletal muscle cell that you extracted. You find that this cell lacks transmembrane proteins. Which loss of function would you expect to observe in this cell based on this observation? an inability to transport ions, nutrients, and other substances across the membrane The fluid compartments of the human body are in osmotic equilibrium. This means that the ICF and the ECF have the same total solute concentrations, despite the differences in their specific solute composition. Osmotic equilibrium occurs because water passes freely through cell membranes using open channels or the water channels called aquaporins. If the osmolarity in one compartment changes, water moves by osmosis to bring the two compartments back to osmotic equilibrium. Water moves down its own gradient into the compartment with the higher osmolarity until both compartments have the same solute-to-volume ratio (or osmolarity). Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)? The types of solutes and their distribution between the ICF and ECF are not the same. Part complete Osmolarity is a way of expressing solute concentration taking into account whether or not the solute in question dissociates into ions when dissolved in water. For example, suppose a hypothetical salt, AB, completely dissociates into A+ and B- in water. One mole of AB in water would be one molar (1 M), but it would be 2 osmolar (2 OsM) solution, because there would be 1 mole of each ion dissolved in that solution. Thus, osmolarity is the measure of the number of solutes per volume of solution. Some salts, like NaCl, will incompletely dissociate into their respective ions when dissolved in water. Using the same principles, one mole of NaCl dissolved in a liter of water would become a 1 molar (1 M) NaCl solution, but would also be a 1.8 osmolar (1.8 OsM) solution. In the human body, we express this concentration in milliosmoles per liter (mOsM). Presuming that the salts listed below completely dissociate in water, which of the following solutions below has the highest osmolarity? 7 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) You have three separate beakers, each containing the following osmolarities: A. 10 OsM B. 13 OsM C. 7 OsM How would you describe the osmolarity of beaker A relative to beaker B? Beaker A is hyposmotic to beaker B. Using the same beakers as Part E, how would you describe the osmolarity of beaker B relative to beaker C? Beaker B is hyperosmotic to beaker C. You have a total body concentration of 300 mOsM and total body volume of 3 liters. If you add 0.5 L of a solution containing 150 mosmol of NaCl to the body, what would the new total body concentration be? 300 mOsM If a swimmer cuts his foot on a seashell while wading in the ocean and bleeds into the seawater, his erythrocytes will shrink. What does this tell us about the relative tonicities of the solutions? The ocean is hypertonic to the erythrocytes. Where is most of the water in the body located? Intracellular fluid The tonicity of a solution depends only upon the __________. concentration of non-penetrating solutes What will occur if solution A, containing 400 mosmol/L nonpenetrating solute, were separated by a biological membrane from solution B, containing 600 mosmol/L nonpenetrating solute? The volume of B would increase. How can a solution be hyperosmotic but hypotonic? If the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes is less in the solution than in a cell Which body fluid compartment has the smallest volume? plasma How does the intracellular fluid compartment differ from the extracellular fluid compartment? There is a higher concentration of potassium ions inside the cell than in the extracellular space. What will happen to the cells of a patient who is given an intravenous (IV) solution that is isosmotic to intracellular fluids? The question cannot be answered with certainty without knowing which solutes are present in the IV solution. Which type of membrane transport generally requires that the transported substance dissolve in the lipid membrane? Simple diffusion Water molecules can cross a cell membrane to enter a cell by several different mechanisms. Which answer choice is NOT a main way that water is transported into a cell? Active transport Part complete What must be true for diffusion of a solute to occur across a partition that separates two compartments? The partition must be permeable to the solute. According to Fick's law of diffusion, diffusion rate is proportional to the surface area of the membrane, the concentration gradient, and which other variable? The permeability of the membrane The permeability of a membrane to a particular solute is related to which two variables, and what is the relationship? It is directly proportional to lipid solubility and inversely proportional to the size of the solute. What is the most important distinction between the membrane transporters known as channel proteins and those known as carrier proteins? Channel proteins create water-filled passages for small substances that do not bind to the protein. Carrier proteins transport larger substances by binding to them. Active transport of substances across membranes requires ATP because __________. substances are moved against the concentration gradient (