FINAL BIO201 EXAM: BIO 201 UNCW,
2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
rna polymerase - CORRECT ANSWERS- central dogma
ribosome = translator
dna = has code for proteins
mrna = has code to make many proteins
cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS- a disease characterized by
uncontrolled cell division with the potential to spread to the rest
of the body
caused by genetic changes
tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS- overgrowth of cells
malignant tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS- grows fast and can
spread to other parts of the body
benign tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS- grows slowly, not a problem
metastic - CORRECT ANSWERS- when cancer spread
,oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS- mutant gene that in their non
mutated state control cell growth
gas petal stuck and cells are dividing a lot
proto oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS- non mutated oncogenes
tumor surpressor genes - CORRECT ANSWERS- normally encode
for proteins that negatively regulate cell growth
car breaks no longer work and cell can no longer stop cell from
moving along in cell cycle
GTP vs ATP - CORRECT ANSWERS- very similar structures but
guanine instead of adenine in nucleotide group
GTP used in krebs cycle
Ras gene - CORRECT ANSWERS- oncogene example
it releases GDP and then binds GTP to become active -> the
active ras protein participates in a signal transduction pathway
that promotes cell division -> GTP hydrolyzes ras to an inactive
side
mutated ras gene - CORRECT ANSWERS- ras gene becomes
mutated -> oncogene -> cannot hydrolyze GTP and become
inactive and cells keep dividing
, converting proto oncogenes to oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS-
1. missense amplification
2. gene amplification -> more protein produced
3. chromosomal translocation
4. retroviral insertion
tumor suppressor genes - CORRECT ANSWERS- maintenance of
genome integrity
prevents mutations, dna breaks, improper chromosome
seperation
encodes for cell division checkpoint proteins: p53 gene is a
checkpoint 1 protein
negative regulation of cell division: brca1 gene -> stops cell cycle
and either repairs or kills cell
how to damage tumor suppressor genes - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1.
inactivation via mutation -> proteins = inactive
2. chromosome lost -> no protein will be made
3. epigenetic change
brca1 mutation - CORRECT ANSWERS- dna can't be repaired and
cell cycle doesn't stop
why are cancers so hard to treat? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1. more
mutations with each round of cell division
2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
rna polymerase - CORRECT ANSWERS- central dogma
ribosome = translator
dna = has code for proteins
mrna = has code to make many proteins
cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS- a disease characterized by
uncontrolled cell division with the potential to spread to the rest
of the body
caused by genetic changes
tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS- overgrowth of cells
malignant tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS- grows fast and can
spread to other parts of the body
benign tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS- grows slowly, not a problem
metastic - CORRECT ANSWERS- when cancer spread
,oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS- mutant gene that in their non
mutated state control cell growth
gas petal stuck and cells are dividing a lot
proto oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS- non mutated oncogenes
tumor surpressor genes - CORRECT ANSWERS- normally encode
for proteins that negatively regulate cell growth
car breaks no longer work and cell can no longer stop cell from
moving along in cell cycle
GTP vs ATP - CORRECT ANSWERS- very similar structures but
guanine instead of adenine in nucleotide group
GTP used in krebs cycle
Ras gene - CORRECT ANSWERS- oncogene example
it releases GDP and then binds GTP to become active -> the
active ras protein participates in a signal transduction pathway
that promotes cell division -> GTP hydrolyzes ras to an inactive
side
mutated ras gene - CORRECT ANSWERS- ras gene becomes
mutated -> oncogene -> cannot hydrolyze GTP and become
inactive and cells keep dividing
, converting proto oncogenes to oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWERS-
1. missense amplification
2. gene amplification -> more protein produced
3. chromosomal translocation
4. retroviral insertion
tumor suppressor genes - CORRECT ANSWERS- maintenance of
genome integrity
prevents mutations, dna breaks, improper chromosome
seperation
encodes for cell division checkpoint proteins: p53 gene is a
checkpoint 1 protein
negative regulation of cell division: brca1 gene -> stops cell cycle
and either repairs or kills cell
how to damage tumor suppressor genes - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1.
inactivation via mutation -> proteins = inactive
2. chromosome lost -> no protein will be made
3. epigenetic change
brca1 mutation - CORRECT ANSWERS- dna can't be repaired and
cell cycle doesn't stop
why are cancers so hard to treat? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1. more
mutations with each round of cell division
