STUDY GUIDE D658
Curriculum & Instruction Study Guide D658 WGU: Key Vocabulary
& Concepts.
Vocabulary List: D658/D637
Please use this vocabulary list as you review the Course of Study for
Curriculum and Instruction. Please do not copy/paste from the COS,
but provide original and meaningful definitions of the terms and
details.
Section 1: Lesson 1
Academic standards Definition: outline what students
should learn and achieve at each
grade level across various subjects
Provide an example from your
state
State standards Definition: established by
individual states, define the
knowledge and skills
students need at each grade
level across various subjects
National standards Definition: a cohesive set of
educational guidelines that outline
what students across the entire
country
should know and be able to
achieve in various subject areas
Objectives Definition: specific, measurable
goals set by educators to guide
student learning toward achieving
standards Write one to match
your standard:
Students w ill identify US States
Scope and sequence Definition: charts the progression of
standards, specifying instruction
order and timing
Spiraling curriculum Definition: reintroduces topics with
increasing complexity at different
grade levels
Condition Definition: the specific
circumstances under which the
assessment takes place or
learning occurs, including any
necessary tools or resources
Give an example: Provide a blank
US Map
Behavior Definition: the action or skill
students are expected to
demonstrate to produce
observable and measurable
outcomes
®™
, STUDY GUIDE D658
Give an example: Student
correctly identify US States
Measurable criterion Definition: establishes the
benchmarks for success, clearly
defining how student
achievements will be evaluated
and what the mastery level is
Give an example With 90%
accuracy
Lesson 1:
What are standards? What
students need to learn at each
grade level Where do you find
yours? NYS EDU website
What is an objective? Goals set by
educators to guide students
What are the parts of an objective?
Condition, Behavior, Measurable
Criterion
How are standards and objectives
different? Standards are the broad
term, while objectives bridge the
students to standards in their daily
activities
What do we look for in alignment
of objectives and standards?
Section 1: Lesson 2
Direct instruction Definition: a structured, teacher-
led approach to teaching focused
on clear instructions and learning
expectations Key words: lectures,
guest speakers, panels, drill and
practice, tutorials,
movies, workbooks, handouts,
recordings, assigned questions
Indirect instruction Definition: a learner-centered
approach emphasizing higher
levels of learner involvement, such
as problem- solving, case studies,
and critical thinking
Strategies: discovery,
guided/unguided inquiry, case
studies, concept mapping,
composing, Socratic
questioning, problem-solving,
decision-making
®™
, STUDY GUIDE D658
Experiential learning/Discovery Definition: learning strategies
involving students in active
engagement through real-world
experiences, exploration, and
reflection Strategies: field trips,
field study/observations,
dramatizations,
model building, work experience,
reenactment, real cases
Role Play Definition: students step into the
shoes of others, acting out scenarios
that require them to navigate
through
problems and perspectives that are
not their own
Simulations Definition: recreating complex real-
world processes in a classroom
setting, allowing students to
interact with the material being
covered in a direct and
hands-on manner
Independent study Definition: allows learners to
progress at their own pace and
pursue interests, often requiring
self-motivation and discipline
Strategies: papers, reports, essays,
individual brainstorming or research,
correspondence, computer-assisted
instruction, distance learning
Cooperative learning Definition: a strategy that
organizes classroom activities into
academic and social learning
experiences, with students working
in groups to complete tasks
Strategies: roleplaying,
brainstorming, forums; 1-3-6-
investigative, laboratory, or buzz
groups; jigsaw; student team
achievement divisions (STADS);
teams
games tournaments (TGTS); think-
pair- share; task-based groups
Heterogeneous groups Definition: a group composed of a
variety of ability levels
Homogenous groups Definition: a group composed of
one ability level
Flexible grouping Definition: a teaching strategy
that allows educators to
personalize
instruction to meet the unique needs
of students
Lesson 2:
®™
, STUDY GUIDE D658
What are the 5 types of
strategies? Direct, Indirect,
Discovery learning, independent
study, cooperative learning
What are example activities for
each? Direct Instruction would be
lectures or tutoirals, indirect would
be case studies or concept
mapping, Discovery/experiental
would be field trips and work
experience, independent study
would be papers and reports, and
cooperative learning would be
roleplaying or student teams.
Which do you like best? Why? I
like the discovery the best
because I feel like the hands on
approach to seeing how things
work is one of the best ways to
learn how the work.
Section 1: Lesson 3
Behaviorism Definition: a theory of learning
focused on observable
behaviors and the ways they
are learned through interaction
with the environment
Key words: Ivan Pavlov, B.F.
Skinner and John B. Watson,
rewards, punishments
Cognitivism Definition: focuses on the inner
mental activities of the mind
and understanding how people
think, understand, and
remember information
Key words Charles Reigeluth,
David Merrill, and Jerome
Bruner, internal process
involving memory, mind maps
and charts
Constructivism Definition: suggests learners
construct knowledge through
their experiences rather than
absorbing information from a
teacher
Key words: Jean Piaget, Jerome
Bruner, and Lev Vygotsky active
and social learning
connectivism Definition: a learning theory for
the digital age, emphasizing the
®™
Curriculum & Instruction Study Guide D658 WGU: Key Vocabulary
& Concepts.
Vocabulary List: D658/D637
Please use this vocabulary list as you review the Course of Study for
Curriculum and Instruction. Please do not copy/paste from the COS,
but provide original and meaningful definitions of the terms and
details.
Section 1: Lesson 1
Academic standards Definition: outline what students
should learn and achieve at each
grade level across various subjects
Provide an example from your
state
State standards Definition: established by
individual states, define the
knowledge and skills
students need at each grade
level across various subjects
National standards Definition: a cohesive set of
educational guidelines that outline
what students across the entire
country
should know and be able to
achieve in various subject areas
Objectives Definition: specific, measurable
goals set by educators to guide
student learning toward achieving
standards Write one to match
your standard:
Students w ill identify US States
Scope and sequence Definition: charts the progression of
standards, specifying instruction
order and timing
Spiraling curriculum Definition: reintroduces topics with
increasing complexity at different
grade levels
Condition Definition: the specific
circumstances under which the
assessment takes place or
learning occurs, including any
necessary tools or resources
Give an example: Provide a blank
US Map
Behavior Definition: the action or skill
students are expected to
demonstrate to produce
observable and measurable
outcomes
®™
, STUDY GUIDE D658
Give an example: Student
correctly identify US States
Measurable criterion Definition: establishes the
benchmarks for success, clearly
defining how student
achievements will be evaluated
and what the mastery level is
Give an example With 90%
accuracy
Lesson 1:
What are standards? What
students need to learn at each
grade level Where do you find
yours? NYS EDU website
What is an objective? Goals set by
educators to guide students
What are the parts of an objective?
Condition, Behavior, Measurable
Criterion
How are standards and objectives
different? Standards are the broad
term, while objectives bridge the
students to standards in their daily
activities
What do we look for in alignment
of objectives and standards?
Section 1: Lesson 2
Direct instruction Definition: a structured, teacher-
led approach to teaching focused
on clear instructions and learning
expectations Key words: lectures,
guest speakers, panels, drill and
practice, tutorials,
movies, workbooks, handouts,
recordings, assigned questions
Indirect instruction Definition: a learner-centered
approach emphasizing higher
levels of learner involvement, such
as problem- solving, case studies,
and critical thinking
Strategies: discovery,
guided/unguided inquiry, case
studies, concept mapping,
composing, Socratic
questioning, problem-solving,
decision-making
®™
, STUDY GUIDE D658
Experiential learning/Discovery Definition: learning strategies
involving students in active
engagement through real-world
experiences, exploration, and
reflection Strategies: field trips,
field study/observations,
dramatizations,
model building, work experience,
reenactment, real cases
Role Play Definition: students step into the
shoes of others, acting out scenarios
that require them to navigate
through
problems and perspectives that are
not their own
Simulations Definition: recreating complex real-
world processes in a classroom
setting, allowing students to
interact with the material being
covered in a direct and
hands-on manner
Independent study Definition: allows learners to
progress at their own pace and
pursue interests, often requiring
self-motivation and discipline
Strategies: papers, reports, essays,
individual brainstorming or research,
correspondence, computer-assisted
instruction, distance learning
Cooperative learning Definition: a strategy that
organizes classroom activities into
academic and social learning
experiences, with students working
in groups to complete tasks
Strategies: roleplaying,
brainstorming, forums; 1-3-6-
investigative, laboratory, or buzz
groups; jigsaw; student team
achievement divisions (STADS);
teams
games tournaments (TGTS); think-
pair- share; task-based groups
Heterogeneous groups Definition: a group composed of a
variety of ability levels
Homogenous groups Definition: a group composed of
one ability level
Flexible grouping Definition: a teaching strategy
that allows educators to
personalize
instruction to meet the unique needs
of students
Lesson 2:
®™
, STUDY GUIDE D658
What are the 5 types of
strategies? Direct, Indirect,
Discovery learning, independent
study, cooperative learning
What are example activities for
each? Direct Instruction would be
lectures or tutoirals, indirect would
be case studies or concept
mapping, Discovery/experiental
would be field trips and work
experience, independent study
would be papers and reports, and
cooperative learning would be
roleplaying or student teams.
Which do you like best? Why? I
like the discovery the best
because I feel like the hands on
approach to seeing how things
work is one of the best ways to
learn how the work.
Section 1: Lesson 3
Behaviorism Definition: a theory of learning
focused on observable
behaviors and the ways they
are learned through interaction
with the environment
Key words: Ivan Pavlov, B.F.
Skinner and John B. Watson,
rewards, punishments
Cognitivism Definition: focuses on the inner
mental activities of the mind
and understanding how people
think, understand, and
remember information
Key words Charles Reigeluth,
David Merrill, and Jerome
Bruner, internal process
involving memory, mind maps
and charts
Constructivism Definition: suggests learners
construct knowledge through
their experiences rather than
absorbing information from a
teacher
Key words: Jean Piaget, Jerome
Bruner, and Lev Vygotsky active
and social learning
connectivism Definition: a learning theory for
the digital age, emphasizing the
®™
