Nursing 105 (Pharmacology) Chapter 1,2,3 || Possible Questions
Accurately Answered.
1.1. Three phases of drug action and interaction correct answers 1. Pharmaceutic phase
(disintegration+Dissolution)
excipients (fillers and inner substances)
K and Na ions enhance drug absorption and give shape
Drugs are disintegrated and absorbed faster in ACIDIC than in alkaline--> young and old adults
have less gastric acidity--> drug absorption is slower. Enteric-coated drugs resist disintegration
in the gastric acid of the stomach-->it occurs in alkaline environment of small intestine.
2. Pharmacokinetic phase-The process of the drug movement, so that the action of the drug takes
place
(Absorption, distribution, metabolism,excretion)
3. Pharmacodynamic-the study of the way drugs affect the body. Drug response can be primary
(desirable effect) and secondary (undesirable). It is drug concentration in the body and dose
response that the patient has.
1.2. Two processes that occur before the tablet is absorbed into the body correct answers 1.
Disintegration-breakdown of tablet into smaller particles
2. Dissolution-the dissolving of those smaller particles into a liquid in the GI fluid before
absorption.
1.3. Four processes of Pharmacokinetics correct answers 1.Absorption (Active, Passive,
Pinocytosis)
lipid-soluble, nonionized-absorbed faster
water-soluble, ionized-slower
2. Distribution-the process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body
tissues.It is influenced by blood flow, the drug's affinity to the tissue and protein binding effect--
> pharmacologic effect
3. Metabolism (or Biotransformation)-process by which the body inactivates or biotranforms
drugs.
, Liver-primary site of metabolism. It changes the lipid-soluble drug to water soluble substance for
renal excretion.
4. Excretion ( Elimination)
The kidneys excrete the drugs (urine).
First pass effect (hepatic first pass) correct answers The process which the drug passes to the
liver first
Bioavailability correct answers is a subcategory of absorption . It is the percentage of the
administered drug dose that reaches the systemaic circulation.
For oral drugs bioavailability is smaller than IV route drugs
Factors are: the drug form, route of administration, GI mucosa and motility, food and other
drugs, changes in liver metabolism
Protein binding correct answers with primarily albumin.
89% or more bound- highly protein-bound drugs
30-89% bound-moderately highly protein bound
<30% low protein bound
The bound drug is inactive, only not bound one is active which is called free drug--
>pharmacologic response
liver or kidney disease--> low serum albumin level--> fewer protein binding sites--> excess free
drug in plasma-->drug toxicity
half-life (t 1/2) correct answers is the time it takes for one-half of the drug concentration to be
eliminated by metabolism.
Short - (4-8 hours)
long-( >24hours)
Aspirin correct answers a weak acid, is excreted rapidly in alkaline urine.
Accurately Answered.
1.1. Three phases of drug action and interaction correct answers 1. Pharmaceutic phase
(disintegration+Dissolution)
excipients (fillers and inner substances)
K and Na ions enhance drug absorption and give shape
Drugs are disintegrated and absorbed faster in ACIDIC than in alkaline--> young and old adults
have less gastric acidity--> drug absorption is slower. Enteric-coated drugs resist disintegration
in the gastric acid of the stomach-->it occurs in alkaline environment of small intestine.
2. Pharmacokinetic phase-The process of the drug movement, so that the action of the drug takes
place
(Absorption, distribution, metabolism,excretion)
3. Pharmacodynamic-the study of the way drugs affect the body. Drug response can be primary
(desirable effect) and secondary (undesirable). It is drug concentration in the body and dose
response that the patient has.
1.2. Two processes that occur before the tablet is absorbed into the body correct answers 1.
Disintegration-breakdown of tablet into smaller particles
2. Dissolution-the dissolving of those smaller particles into a liquid in the GI fluid before
absorption.
1.3. Four processes of Pharmacokinetics correct answers 1.Absorption (Active, Passive,
Pinocytosis)
lipid-soluble, nonionized-absorbed faster
water-soluble, ionized-slower
2. Distribution-the process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body
tissues.It is influenced by blood flow, the drug's affinity to the tissue and protein binding effect--
> pharmacologic effect
3. Metabolism (or Biotransformation)-process by which the body inactivates or biotranforms
drugs.
, Liver-primary site of metabolism. It changes the lipid-soluble drug to water soluble substance for
renal excretion.
4. Excretion ( Elimination)
The kidneys excrete the drugs (urine).
First pass effect (hepatic first pass) correct answers The process which the drug passes to the
liver first
Bioavailability correct answers is a subcategory of absorption . It is the percentage of the
administered drug dose that reaches the systemaic circulation.
For oral drugs bioavailability is smaller than IV route drugs
Factors are: the drug form, route of administration, GI mucosa and motility, food and other
drugs, changes in liver metabolism
Protein binding correct answers with primarily albumin.
89% or more bound- highly protein-bound drugs
30-89% bound-moderately highly protein bound
<30% low protein bound
The bound drug is inactive, only not bound one is active which is called free drug--
>pharmacologic response
liver or kidney disease--> low serum albumin level--> fewer protein binding sites--> excess free
drug in plasma-->drug toxicity
half-life (t 1/2) correct answers is the time it takes for one-half of the drug concentration to be
eliminated by metabolism.
Short - (4-8 hours)
long-( >24hours)
Aspirin correct answers a weak acid, is excreted rapidly in alkaline urine.
