HMX Genetics- ALL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fggw0v
1. Nucleotide deoxyribose, a 5C sugar with a hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon and a phosphate
group on the 5' carbon, and a nitrogen base attached to the 1' carbon
2. Amino acid coded 5' to 3' (N terminus to C terminus)
3. Central dogma describes the flow of information from DNA (genotype) to RNA (portable) to
protein (phenotype) via transcription and translation
4. Codon A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that
provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
5. DNA is usually right-handed with 10 bp/turn
6. Exons RNA chunks that contain the actual coding genes
7. Introns filler portions of RNA that are removed from transcript
8. Frameshift vari- a nucleotide exchange that changes all of the amino acids after it (usually an
ant insertion, deletion, or duplication)
9. Genotype An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
10. Missense variant an exchange of nucleotides that leads to a change in a single amino acid within
a chain
11. Nonsense vari- a nucleotide exchange that leads to stopping translation early by encoding a stop
ant codon
12. Nucleic acid a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose
molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
13. Phenotype the physical manifestation of genes; shows through protein structure and function
14. Protein A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.
, HMX Genetics- ALL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fggw0v
15. RNA more portable than DNA; has uracil and ribose sugars
16. Silent variant an exchange of nucleotides that results in identical amino acid chains to the
original template
17. SNP a common variant affecting one nucleotide (must be present in more than 1% of
the population)
18. Transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
19. Translation decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
20. Transcription fac- A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes.
tor
21. How are genes in the 5' to 3' direction
typically written?
22. Nucleosome DNA helix wound around histone proteins; makes up chromatin
23. Alignment the position of data within a cell; how DNA is organized for genome sequencing
24. Cas9 Protein nuclease used in CRISPR to cut certain sequences of DNA (guide RNA finds the
sequence first)
25. CRISPR Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; the leading approach
to genomic editing
26. Epigenomics study of epigenetic component of a cell (ex: DNA methylation)
27. Genome editing an experimental method of detecting and correcting defective genes in an indi-
vidual (ex: CRISPR)
28. Genomics study of whole genomes, including genes and their functions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fggw0v
1. Nucleotide deoxyribose, a 5C sugar with a hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon and a phosphate
group on the 5' carbon, and a nitrogen base attached to the 1' carbon
2. Amino acid coded 5' to 3' (N terminus to C terminus)
3. Central dogma describes the flow of information from DNA (genotype) to RNA (portable) to
protein (phenotype) via transcription and translation
4. Codon A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that
provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
5. DNA is usually right-handed with 10 bp/turn
6. Exons RNA chunks that contain the actual coding genes
7. Introns filler portions of RNA that are removed from transcript
8. Frameshift vari- a nucleotide exchange that changes all of the amino acids after it (usually an
ant insertion, deletion, or duplication)
9. Genotype An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
10. Missense variant an exchange of nucleotides that leads to a change in a single amino acid within
a chain
11. Nonsense vari- a nucleotide exchange that leads to stopping translation early by encoding a stop
ant codon
12. Nucleic acid a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose
molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
13. Phenotype the physical manifestation of genes; shows through protein structure and function
14. Protein A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.
, HMX Genetics- ALL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fggw0v
15. RNA more portable than DNA; has uracil and ribose sugars
16. Silent variant an exchange of nucleotides that results in identical amino acid chains to the
original template
17. SNP a common variant affecting one nucleotide (must be present in more than 1% of
the population)
18. Transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
19. Translation decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
20. Transcription fac- A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes.
tor
21. How are genes in the 5' to 3' direction
typically written?
22. Nucleosome DNA helix wound around histone proteins; makes up chromatin
23. Alignment the position of data within a cell; how DNA is organized for genome sequencing
24. Cas9 Protein nuclease used in CRISPR to cut certain sequences of DNA (guide RNA finds the
sequence first)
25. CRISPR Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; the leading approach
to genomic editing
26. Epigenomics study of epigenetic component of a cell (ex: DNA methylation)
27. Genome editing an experimental method of detecting and correcting defective genes in an indi-
vidual (ex: CRISPR)
28. Genomics study of whole genomes, including genes and their functions
