27/06/2025, 15:51 CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025 TEST!! Flashcards | Quizlet
CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified
accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025
TEST!!
Save
Terms in this set (265)
1)Infectious agent= organism with ability to cause
disease; greater virulence, invasiveness, and
pathogenicity => increased odds of infection
2) Reservoir: place where microbes can persist and
reproduce
3) Portal of Exit: way for microbe to leave the
reservoir
Chain of Infection 4) Mode of transmission: method of microbe transfer
from one place to another
5) Portal of entry: opening that allows microbe to
enter host
6) Susceptible host: Lacks immunity or physical
resistance to prevent invasion by microbe
Is a circle; each link must be present in sequential
order for infection to occur
Measure of microbe's ability to invade and create
disease
Depends on ability to:
Virulence
Survive in environment between hosts
Transmit between hosts (moving; adherence)
Proliferate
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,27/06/2025, 15:51 CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025 TEST!! Flashcards | Quizlet
Pentamer; primary response, short-lived (<6 months);
IgM
best at fixing complement
Monomer; main blood antibody, secondary response;
IgG longer lived. opsonization and toxin neutralization. 4
subclasses
Physical barriers Skin; fever; secreted antimicrobials; innate immunity
11=protein cascade; classically activate by ab:ag
Complement system
complexes; alternate by pathogen surfaces
Wounds, burns, trauma, serious derm problems,
Skin defects; examples
indwelling devices, injections. Skin flora- S. aureus,
and associated pathogens
CNS, strep pyo, corynebacteria, malassezia furfur
chemo-induced mucositosis, head/neck trauma,
Mucous membrane barrier
smoking, inhalational injury, antacids/PPIs. Resident
defects; examples and
flora- anaerobes, aerobic GNR, candida, enteroccus,
associated pathogens
bovis
Body passage Tumors, foreign bodies, stones, cystic fibrosis.
obstruction; examples and Resident flora overgrow or invade; site-specific.
associated pathogens
Leukemia, chemo, congenital disorders, diabetes. If
Abnormal number or
short term (< 2 wks) then aerobic GNR, Sa, CoNS. IF
function of granulocytes
long term, add fungi (candida, t. glabrata, aspergillus)
BMT, HIV, steroids, malnutrition, 3rd tri pregnancy.
Bacteria: Intracellular pathogens (listeria, salmonella,
Abnormalities of cell- mycobacteria, nocardia, legionella).
mediated immunity Fungi: candida, Cryptococcus, coccidioides,
histoplasma. Virus: Herpes group
Also toxoplasma and strongyloides.
abnormalities of humoral BMT, HIV, some cancers, aging. Strep pneumo,
immunity encapsulated H. flu, Neisseria meningitidis
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,27/06/2025, 15:51 CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025 TEST!! Flashcards | Quizlet
Take thorough patient history. Prepare before starting
with all vaccines, procedures, line placement,
Preventing infection for screening. Support gastric acidity. Prevent exposures
immunocompromised with awesome hygiene, approp food and water
patients precautions, visitor education, no flowers or plants,
and possible abx prophy (for infections that might
reactivate or high-risk for pneumocystis)
No cell wall --> limited abx choices. Cause atypical
Mycoplasma spp.
pneumonia. Usually diagnosed by serology
obligate intracellular parasites. Elementary
body=infectious, reticulated= intracellular. DFA or
Chlamydiae
ELISA for detection of antigen is most common. Can
also detect antibodies.
obligate intracellular parasites. arthropod vectors.
Rickettsiae Rarely culturing; detected by serology using ELISA for
antibodies.
Textbook viral replication 1. Attachment 2. penetration/entry 3. replication 4.
cycle maturation/assembly 5. release
Sensitivity % of true + who test +; inherent to test
Specificity % of true neg who test neg; inherent to test
Likelihood that a + test represents a true case (%
PPV T+/all+); depends on the test and on prevalence of
disease in population
Likelihood that a negative test result is a true non-case
NPV (%TN/allN); depends on test and population
prevalence
1000-5000 WBCs, mostly PMNs. Increased pressure.
CSF analysis- bacterial
Increased protein . Decreased glucose. Bacteria seen
mening
on smears.
Pressure, glucose normal. Lymphocytes seen, but few
CSF analysis- viral mening WBC in general. Protein normal-elevated. Nothing on
smears.
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, 27/06/2025, 15:51 CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025 TEST!! Flashcards | Quizlet
CSF analysis- fungus Pressure variable. Glucose low, protein high. WBCs
mening vary, but lymphocytes predominate. India ink smear +.
Pressure variable. Glucose low to megalow. WBCs
CSF analysis- TB mening vary, mostly lymphocytes. Protein elevated. AFB stain
+
Used to detect antibodies for Mycoplasma
pneumoniae or mononucleosis. Positive test is high
Cold Agglutinins test
titer, with resp Sx indicates M. pneumo infection, viral
pneumo, or primary atypical pneumo
Serum sample looking for the CR protein; normal
CRP test value is none or low CRP. Indicates current acute
inflammation
chemistry assays on blood; looking for various things
including enzymes, bilirubin, ammonia, and albumin.
Liver Function Tests Generally higher is worse. Helps detect liver
problems, differentiate among liver problems,
measure liver damage, and follow response to Tx.
blood from artery, measures oxygen and CO2 tension,
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) pH. Assesses gas exchange, which is helpful in
recognizing pneumonia
Measures rate of RBCs sinking; faster indicates acute
Sedimentation rate infection/inflammation (among other things, is not
very specific)
Many ways of doing, including EIA and HPLC. limulus
Toxin production tests
amebocyte lysate tests for endotoxin.
Serum, test for rickettsial antibodies. High titer or 4x
Weil-Felix agglutination
rise in titer indicates rickettsial infection.
Multiple tests. Normal has various chemistry values
Urinalysis and should have no or few cells. High WBCs,
leukocyte esterase, and nitrite indicate infection.
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CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified
accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025
TEST!!
Save
Terms in this set (265)
1)Infectious agent= organism with ability to cause
disease; greater virulence, invasiveness, and
pathogenicity => increased odds of infection
2) Reservoir: place where microbes can persist and
reproduce
3) Portal of Exit: way for microbe to leave the
reservoir
Chain of Infection 4) Mode of transmission: method of microbe transfer
from one place to another
5) Portal of entry: opening that allows microbe to
enter host
6) Susceptible host: Lacks immunity or physical
resistance to prevent invasion by microbe
Is a circle; each link must be present in sequential
order for infection to occur
Measure of microbe's ability to invade and create
disease
Depends on ability to:
Virulence
Survive in environment between hosts
Transmit between hosts (moving; adherence)
Proliferate
https://quizlet.com/1057269922/cic-exam-comprehensive-questions-and-verified-accurate-solution-detailed-elaborated-2025-test-flash-cards/?new 1/48
,27/06/2025, 15:51 CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025 TEST!! Flashcards | Quizlet
Pentamer; primary response, short-lived (<6 months);
IgM
best at fixing complement
Monomer; main blood antibody, secondary response;
IgG longer lived. opsonization and toxin neutralization. 4
subclasses
Physical barriers Skin; fever; secreted antimicrobials; innate immunity
11=protein cascade; classically activate by ab:ag
Complement system
complexes; alternate by pathogen surfaces
Wounds, burns, trauma, serious derm problems,
Skin defects; examples
indwelling devices, injections. Skin flora- S. aureus,
and associated pathogens
CNS, strep pyo, corynebacteria, malassezia furfur
chemo-induced mucositosis, head/neck trauma,
Mucous membrane barrier
smoking, inhalational injury, antacids/PPIs. Resident
defects; examples and
flora- anaerobes, aerobic GNR, candida, enteroccus,
associated pathogens
bovis
Body passage Tumors, foreign bodies, stones, cystic fibrosis.
obstruction; examples and Resident flora overgrow or invade; site-specific.
associated pathogens
Leukemia, chemo, congenital disorders, diabetes. If
Abnormal number or
short term (< 2 wks) then aerobic GNR, Sa, CoNS. IF
function of granulocytes
long term, add fungi (candida, t. glabrata, aspergillus)
BMT, HIV, steroids, malnutrition, 3rd tri pregnancy.
Bacteria: Intracellular pathogens (listeria, salmonella,
Abnormalities of cell- mycobacteria, nocardia, legionella).
mediated immunity Fungi: candida, Cryptococcus, coccidioides,
histoplasma. Virus: Herpes group
Also toxoplasma and strongyloides.
abnormalities of humoral BMT, HIV, some cancers, aging. Strep pneumo,
immunity encapsulated H. flu, Neisseria meningitidis
https://quizlet.com/1057269922/cic-exam-comprehensive-questions-and-verified-accurate-solution-detailed-elaborated-2025-test-flash-cards/?new 2/48
,27/06/2025, 15:51 CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025 TEST!! Flashcards | Quizlet
Take thorough patient history. Prepare before starting
with all vaccines, procedures, line placement,
Preventing infection for screening. Support gastric acidity. Prevent exposures
immunocompromised with awesome hygiene, approp food and water
patients precautions, visitor education, no flowers or plants,
and possible abx prophy (for infections that might
reactivate or high-risk for pneumocystis)
No cell wall --> limited abx choices. Cause atypical
Mycoplasma spp.
pneumonia. Usually diagnosed by serology
obligate intracellular parasites. Elementary
body=infectious, reticulated= intracellular. DFA or
Chlamydiae
ELISA for detection of antigen is most common. Can
also detect antibodies.
obligate intracellular parasites. arthropod vectors.
Rickettsiae Rarely culturing; detected by serology using ELISA for
antibodies.
Textbook viral replication 1. Attachment 2. penetration/entry 3. replication 4.
cycle maturation/assembly 5. release
Sensitivity % of true + who test +; inherent to test
Specificity % of true neg who test neg; inherent to test
Likelihood that a + test represents a true case (%
PPV T+/all+); depends on the test and on prevalence of
disease in population
Likelihood that a negative test result is a true non-case
NPV (%TN/allN); depends on test and population
prevalence
1000-5000 WBCs, mostly PMNs. Increased pressure.
CSF analysis- bacterial
Increased protein . Decreased glucose. Bacteria seen
mening
on smears.
Pressure, glucose normal. Lymphocytes seen, but few
CSF analysis- viral mening WBC in general. Protein normal-elevated. Nothing on
smears.
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, 27/06/2025, 15:51 CIC EXAM comprehensive questions and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated) 2025 TEST!! Flashcards | Quizlet
CSF analysis- fungus Pressure variable. Glucose low, protein high. WBCs
mening vary, but lymphocytes predominate. India ink smear +.
Pressure variable. Glucose low to megalow. WBCs
CSF analysis- TB mening vary, mostly lymphocytes. Protein elevated. AFB stain
+
Used to detect antibodies for Mycoplasma
pneumoniae or mononucleosis. Positive test is high
Cold Agglutinins test
titer, with resp Sx indicates M. pneumo infection, viral
pneumo, or primary atypical pneumo
Serum sample looking for the CR protein; normal
CRP test value is none or low CRP. Indicates current acute
inflammation
chemistry assays on blood; looking for various things
including enzymes, bilirubin, ammonia, and albumin.
Liver Function Tests Generally higher is worse. Helps detect liver
problems, differentiate among liver problems,
measure liver damage, and follow response to Tx.
blood from artery, measures oxygen and CO2 tension,
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) pH. Assesses gas exchange, which is helpful in
recognizing pneumonia
Measures rate of RBCs sinking; faster indicates acute
Sedimentation rate infection/inflammation (among other things, is not
very specific)
Many ways of doing, including EIA and HPLC. limulus
Toxin production tests
amebocyte lysate tests for endotoxin.
Serum, test for rickettsial antibodies. High titer or 4x
Weil-Felix agglutination
rise in titer indicates rickettsial infection.
Multiple tests. Normal has various chemistry values
Urinalysis and should have no or few cells. High WBCs,
leukocyte esterase, and nitrite indicate infection.
https://quizlet.com/1057269922/cic-exam-comprehensive-questions-and-verified-accurate-solution-detailed-elaborated-2025-test-flash-cards/?new 4/48
