Basic Nursing Final Exam Study Guide 2025
RDA - correct answer Recommeneded Dietary Allowance- Average daily level of intake
sufficient to meet nutrient requirements.
BMI - correct answer Body Mass Index, a measure of body fat based on height and weight
nutrient dense foods - correct answer foods that are high in nutrients as compared with their
calorie content
What is the role of enzymes in digestion? - correct answer Speed up the chemical break down
of food into nutrients
What are carbohydrates made of? - correct answer carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the gneral range of the recommended daily intake of carbohydres for an average adult?
- correct answer 45-65% percent of diet
How the liver handles fructose and galactose - correct answer The liver uses excess fructose to
create fat
The liver converts galactose to glucose
- for immediate energy use
What is lactose and how is it processed in the body? What symptoms may someone that is
lactose intolerant experience if they consume dairy? - correct answer Lactose is sugar found in
milk/dairy products. Lactose enzymes are found in the small intestine and break down lactose
into fructose & galactose. Lactose intolerance may experience, nausea, diarrhea, and
abdominal pain/cramps.
What is the function lipids in the body? - correct answer Lipids are fatty compounds, they're
part of the cell membranes. Used in moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins, and making
hormones. Insulation, healthy skin.
What amount of calories should come from fats? - correct answer 20-35% of daily calories
Sources of fats and how fats are broken down during digestion? - correct answer Examples:
Avacodo, fish, olive oil, full-fat milk, cheese, cream
Dietary fat is the fat that comes from food. The liver releases bile which helps break down fats.
,HDL - correct answer high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol/GOOD) should have
a higher number
LDL - correct answer low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) should have lower number
Why are plant proteins considered incomplete? - correct answer They do not contain all the
essential amino acids and can be harder to break down.
An exception is soy
What percentage of the adult body is made up of water?
How much do they lose through insensible loss? - correct answer 60%
2.5-3 quarts
Nightingale's Principles - correct answer Are still taught. Include ventilation, light, noise,
efficient drainage, and cleanliness/sanitation.
Nurse primary role is to care for patient (not clean)
"clean well-ventilated, quiet environment for recovery"
What does the nightingale lamp represent? - correct answer Nursing Education
What pledge do LPN's recite? - correct answer Practical Nurse's Pledge
Roles of the nurse - correct answer caregiver, advocate, educator, communicator.
hospice care - correct answer treatment of the terminally ill in their own homes, or in special
hospital units or other facilities, with the goal of helping them to die comfortably, without pain
less than 6 months to live
Telehealth - correct answer Use of technology to deliver health-related services and
information, including telemedicine
What is the role of a contiguous quality improvement committee - correct answer Group of
people to Improve the healthcare structure through leadership, work force, health technology
and costs
"Monitor quality of ongoing care"
,Standards of Nursing Practice - correct answer Developed by the ANA. Guide that provide a
foundation as to how nurses should act, and what they should and should not do in a
professional capacity.
"Standards of quality that guide nurse/staff to provide care"
Medicare - correct answer A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age
and older (sometimes for people with disabilities)
Medicaid - correct answer A federal and state assistance program that pays for health care
services for people who cannot afford them. (low income)
Negligence - correct answer failure to take proper care in doing something
Tort - correct answer a wrongful act or an infringement of a right (other than under contract)
leading to civil legal liability.
Battery - correct answer unlawful touching of another person without consent
Assault - correct answer threat or attempt to injure
Aspects of professional nursing - correct answer Accountability, Educated, Respect, Integrity,
Cleanliness, Professional, Client Advocate
How can a nurse protect themselves from being sued? - correct answer 1- Effective & proper
documentation
Also compliance with policies and procedures, competence and malpractice insurance
Ageism - correct answer prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person's age
Normal aspects of aging - correct answer Mild changes in cognition, increased susceptibilty to
disease, decline in senses, decrease in reaction time, function in organs,
Abnormal aspects of aging - correct answer Dementia, incontinence, confusion,
Stages of grief and loss - correct answer denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Fall and safety measures - correct answer Non-slip mats, clean area, proper foot wear/non-skid
socks, handrails, lighting, bed in low position, fall risk evaluation
Dying Process Signs - correct answer Breathing changes, bowel and bladder changes,
withdrawal, eating and drinking less, confusion, restlessness, cold extremeties
Nursing care for the dying - correct answer Explain the dying process and what can happen.
Focus on comfort, create a space where the person, family, and carers feels safe and
comforted. Respond with empathy and compassion.
What is quality care? - correct answer How care is provided. Were all their needs met?
, Hipaa - correct answer Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Establies federal
standards for protecting sensitive health info.
Substances in food that your body needs to grow, repair itself, and to supply you with energy
Example: Proteins, fats, carbs, vitamins. - correct answer Nutrients
Study of nutrients and how the body utilizes them from food. Nutrients help to maintain muscle
tone & regulate body processes - correct answer Nutrition
During the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale established sanitary conditions reducing
mortality. T or F - correct answer True
Clara Barton founded the _____________________________ - correct answer American Red
Cross
According to Nightingales principle, prevention is better than what? - correct answer Cure
All healthcare positions require the same licensure. T or F - correct answer False
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow described a theory of human needs that identified
simple basic needs in relation to the more complex, higher level needs. T or F - correct answer
True
The term________refers to the ability to access a nurse or healthcare provider via telephone or
computer audio/video link. - correct answer Telehealth
Extended care facilities admit clients for longer periods of time than is common in acute care
hospitals. T or F - correct answer True
___________is defined as the legal responsibility for one's actions or failure to act
appropriately. - correct answer Liability
Brain death is determined by an EEG (electroencephalograms) T or F - correct answer True
A living will is a written and legally witnessed document that requests no extraordinary
measures to be taken to save a person's life in the event of terminal illness. T or F - correct
answer True
Which of Florence Nightingale's nursing principles is still practiced today? - correct answer *The
nurse's primary role is to spend time caring for others.
The nurse's role is defined by the physician's orders.
The nurse is viewed as an independent healthcare provider.
The nurse is tasked only with the responsibility of keeping the environment clean.
RDA - correct answer Recommeneded Dietary Allowance- Average daily level of intake
sufficient to meet nutrient requirements.
BMI - correct answer Body Mass Index, a measure of body fat based on height and weight
nutrient dense foods - correct answer foods that are high in nutrients as compared with their
calorie content
What is the role of enzymes in digestion? - correct answer Speed up the chemical break down
of food into nutrients
What are carbohydrates made of? - correct answer carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the gneral range of the recommended daily intake of carbohydres for an average adult?
- correct answer 45-65% percent of diet
How the liver handles fructose and galactose - correct answer The liver uses excess fructose to
create fat
The liver converts galactose to glucose
- for immediate energy use
What is lactose and how is it processed in the body? What symptoms may someone that is
lactose intolerant experience if they consume dairy? - correct answer Lactose is sugar found in
milk/dairy products. Lactose enzymes are found in the small intestine and break down lactose
into fructose & galactose. Lactose intolerance may experience, nausea, diarrhea, and
abdominal pain/cramps.
What is the function lipids in the body? - correct answer Lipids are fatty compounds, they're
part of the cell membranes. Used in moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins, and making
hormones. Insulation, healthy skin.
What amount of calories should come from fats? - correct answer 20-35% of daily calories
Sources of fats and how fats are broken down during digestion? - correct answer Examples:
Avacodo, fish, olive oil, full-fat milk, cheese, cream
Dietary fat is the fat that comes from food. The liver releases bile which helps break down fats.
,HDL - correct answer high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol/GOOD) should have
a higher number
LDL - correct answer low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) should have lower number
Why are plant proteins considered incomplete? - correct answer They do not contain all the
essential amino acids and can be harder to break down.
An exception is soy
What percentage of the adult body is made up of water?
How much do they lose through insensible loss? - correct answer 60%
2.5-3 quarts
Nightingale's Principles - correct answer Are still taught. Include ventilation, light, noise,
efficient drainage, and cleanliness/sanitation.
Nurse primary role is to care for patient (not clean)
"clean well-ventilated, quiet environment for recovery"
What does the nightingale lamp represent? - correct answer Nursing Education
What pledge do LPN's recite? - correct answer Practical Nurse's Pledge
Roles of the nurse - correct answer caregiver, advocate, educator, communicator.
hospice care - correct answer treatment of the terminally ill in their own homes, or in special
hospital units or other facilities, with the goal of helping them to die comfortably, without pain
less than 6 months to live
Telehealth - correct answer Use of technology to deliver health-related services and
information, including telemedicine
What is the role of a contiguous quality improvement committee - correct answer Group of
people to Improve the healthcare structure through leadership, work force, health technology
and costs
"Monitor quality of ongoing care"
,Standards of Nursing Practice - correct answer Developed by the ANA. Guide that provide a
foundation as to how nurses should act, and what they should and should not do in a
professional capacity.
"Standards of quality that guide nurse/staff to provide care"
Medicare - correct answer A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age
and older (sometimes for people with disabilities)
Medicaid - correct answer A federal and state assistance program that pays for health care
services for people who cannot afford them. (low income)
Negligence - correct answer failure to take proper care in doing something
Tort - correct answer a wrongful act or an infringement of a right (other than under contract)
leading to civil legal liability.
Battery - correct answer unlawful touching of another person without consent
Assault - correct answer threat or attempt to injure
Aspects of professional nursing - correct answer Accountability, Educated, Respect, Integrity,
Cleanliness, Professional, Client Advocate
How can a nurse protect themselves from being sued? - correct answer 1- Effective & proper
documentation
Also compliance with policies and procedures, competence and malpractice insurance
Ageism - correct answer prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person's age
Normal aspects of aging - correct answer Mild changes in cognition, increased susceptibilty to
disease, decline in senses, decrease in reaction time, function in organs,
Abnormal aspects of aging - correct answer Dementia, incontinence, confusion,
Stages of grief and loss - correct answer denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Fall and safety measures - correct answer Non-slip mats, clean area, proper foot wear/non-skid
socks, handrails, lighting, bed in low position, fall risk evaluation
Dying Process Signs - correct answer Breathing changes, bowel and bladder changes,
withdrawal, eating and drinking less, confusion, restlessness, cold extremeties
Nursing care for the dying - correct answer Explain the dying process and what can happen.
Focus on comfort, create a space where the person, family, and carers feels safe and
comforted. Respond with empathy and compassion.
What is quality care? - correct answer How care is provided. Were all their needs met?
, Hipaa - correct answer Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Establies federal
standards for protecting sensitive health info.
Substances in food that your body needs to grow, repair itself, and to supply you with energy
Example: Proteins, fats, carbs, vitamins. - correct answer Nutrients
Study of nutrients and how the body utilizes them from food. Nutrients help to maintain muscle
tone & regulate body processes - correct answer Nutrition
During the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale established sanitary conditions reducing
mortality. T or F - correct answer True
Clara Barton founded the _____________________________ - correct answer American Red
Cross
According to Nightingales principle, prevention is better than what? - correct answer Cure
All healthcare positions require the same licensure. T or F - correct answer False
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow described a theory of human needs that identified
simple basic needs in relation to the more complex, higher level needs. T or F - correct answer
True
The term________refers to the ability to access a nurse or healthcare provider via telephone or
computer audio/video link. - correct answer Telehealth
Extended care facilities admit clients for longer periods of time than is common in acute care
hospitals. T or F - correct answer True
___________is defined as the legal responsibility for one's actions or failure to act
appropriately. - correct answer Liability
Brain death is determined by an EEG (electroencephalograms) T or F - correct answer True
A living will is a written and legally witnessed document that requests no extraordinary
measures to be taken to save a person's life in the event of terminal illness. T or F - correct
answer True
Which of Florence Nightingale's nursing principles is still practiced today? - correct answer *The
nurse's primary role is to spend time caring for others.
The nurse's role is defined by the physician's orders.
The nurse is viewed as an independent healthcare provider.
The nurse is tasked only with the responsibility of keeping the environment clean.
