NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Questions With
Correct Answers
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
| | | |
Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in -
| | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*the activation of protein kinases, which in
| | | | | | | |
turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump
| | | | | | |
Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-histamine
| | | | | | | |
receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and
| | | | |
somatostatin diminish - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-gastric acid production
| | | | | |
Antacids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-weak bases that react with gastric acid to
| | | | | | | | | |
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
| | | | | | | |
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
| | | | | | | | |
Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium
| | | | | | |
content, palatability, and price
| | | |
,Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize
| | | | | | | | | | |
gastric HCl and on whether the stomach is full or empty
| | | | | | | | | | |
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Therapeutic uses of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-• Symptomatic relief of
| | | | | | | | |
peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
| | | | | | | |
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
| | | | | | | |
robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
| | | | | | | |
ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
| | |
• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis
| | | | | | | | | |
Commonly used antacid drugs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Classes
| | | | | | |
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
| | | | |
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
| | |
• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel; Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
| | | | | | | | |
• Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of Magnesia
| | | | | | |
• Combination products
| |
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
| | | | | | |
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
| | | | | |
(Gaviscon)
Adverse effects of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-• Aluminum hydroxide tends
| | | | | | | | |
to be constipating
| | |
,• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
| | | | | |
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing antacids → hypophosphatemia
| | | | | | | |
• Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence, potential for systemic alkalosis
| | | | | | | | | |
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in pts w/ HTN or CHF
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/ calcium foods → hypercalcemia
| | | | | | | | | | |
Mucosal Protective Agents - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Cytoprotective compounds
| | | | | |
Sucralfate
Bismuth Compounds |
Cytoprotective Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-enhance mucosal protection
| | | | | |
mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓ inflammation, promotes healing of
| | | | | | | | |
existing ulcers
| |
Sucralfate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated
| | | | | | | |
sucrose
|
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
| | | |
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier
| | | | | | | | | | | |
coating over ulcer bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
mucus by pepsin and acid
| | | | |
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate
| | | | | | | | |
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output
| | | | | | |
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy
| | | | | | | | | | |
to prevent recurrence
| | |
, • Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2
| | | | | | | | | | | |
antagonists or antacids
| | |
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated
| | | | | | | | | |
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them
| | | | | | | | | | |
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
| | | | |
Bismuth Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-• Coats ulcers → protective layer
| | | | | | | | |
against acid and pepsin
| | | |
• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and bicarbonate secretion
| | | | | | |
• Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins
| | | |
• reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute infectious diarrhea
| | | | | | | | |
• Causes black stools- harmless
| | | |
• Avoid in renal insufficiency
| | | |
In geriatric patients avoid use of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- antacids that contain
| | | | | | | | | | |
|magnesium in patients with renal failure | | | | |
- sodium-containing antacids because of fluid
| | | | |
retention
Antacids in Pediatrics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Safety not established in children
| | | | | | | | |
Antacids during pregnancy and lactation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-No FDA
| | | | | | | |
category established, although antacids
| | | |
generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy
| | | | | | |
Correct Answers
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
| | | |
Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in -
| | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*the activation of protein kinases, which in
| | | | | | | |
turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump
| | | | | | |
Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-histamine
| | | | | | | |
receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and
| | | | |
somatostatin diminish - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-gastric acid production
| | | | | |
Antacids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-weak bases that react with gastric acid to
| | | | | | | | | |
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
| | | | | | | |
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
| | | | | | | | |
Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium
| | | | | | |
content, palatability, and price
| | | |
,Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize
| | | | | | | | | | |
gastric HCl and on whether the stomach is full or empty
| | | | | | | | | | |
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Therapeutic uses of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-• Symptomatic relief of
| | | | | | | | |
peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
| | | | | | | |
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
| | | | | | | |
robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
| | | | | | | |
ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
| | |
• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis
| | | | | | | | | |
Commonly used antacid drugs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Classes
| | | | | | |
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
| | | | |
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
| | |
• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel; Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
| | | | | | | | |
• Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of Magnesia
| | | | | | |
• Combination products
| |
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
| | | | | | |
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
| | | | | |
(Gaviscon)
Adverse effects of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-• Aluminum hydroxide tends
| | | | | | | | |
to be constipating
| | |
,• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
| | | | | |
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing antacids → hypophosphatemia
| | | | | | | |
• Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence, potential for systemic alkalosis
| | | | | | | | | |
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in pts w/ HTN or CHF
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/ calcium foods → hypercalcemia
| | | | | | | | | | |
Mucosal Protective Agents - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Cytoprotective compounds
| | | | | |
Sucralfate
Bismuth Compounds |
Cytoprotective Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-enhance mucosal protection
| | | | | |
mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓ inflammation, promotes healing of
| | | | | | | | |
existing ulcers
| |
Sucralfate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated
| | | | | | | |
sucrose
|
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
| | | |
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier
| | | | | | | | | | | |
coating over ulcer bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
mucus by pepsin and acid
| | | | |
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate
| | | | | | | | |
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output
| | | | | | |
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy
| | | | | | | | | | |
to prevent recurrence
| | |
, • Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2
| | | | | | | | | | | |
antagonists or antacids
| | |
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated
| | | | | | | | | |
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them
| | | | | | | | | | |
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
| | | | |
Bismuth Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-• Coats ulcers → protective layer
| | | | | | | | |
against acid and pepsin
| | | |
• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and bicarbonate secretion
| | | | | | |
• Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins
| | | |
• reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute infectious diarrhea
| | | | | | | | |
• Causes black stools- harmless
| | | |
• Avoid in renal insufficiency
| | | |
In geriatric patients avoid use of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- antacids that contain
| | | | | | | | | | |
|magnesium in patients with renal failure | | | | |
- sodium-containing antacids because of fluid
| | | | |
retention
Antacids in Pediatrics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Safety not established in children
| | | | | | | | |
Antacids during pregnancy and lactation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-No FDA
| | | | | | | |
category established, although antacids
| | | |
generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy
| | | | | | |
