BIO 202 ACN MIDTERM DETAILED EXAM 2025

Which layer of the heart contains cardiac muscle? - -myocardium The heart strings are also known as? - -chordae tendineae What externally separates atria and ventricles? - -coronary sulcus Which great vessel receives blood from the lower parts of the body? - -inferior vena cava Which of the following contains deoxygenated blood? - -pulmonary trunk Another name for right atrioventricular valve? - -tricuspid valve The pacemaker of the heart is the - -sa node The outermost layer of an artery is called? - -tunica adventitia Which blood vessel type only contains a simple squamous epithelial lining? - -capillaries The first branch of the aortic arch is called the? - -brachiocephalic artery Erythrocytes are also known as - -red blood cells Not formed element of blood - -plasma Which part of an erythrocytes binds oxygen gas? - -the heme group A circulating blood clot is called a? - -embolus What are the most abundant leukocytes in the blood? - -neutrophil Which leukocytes function is to produce heparin and histamine? - -basophil What is the most important antigen in the rh blood group - -d Platelets are derived from what type of cell? - -megakaryocyte In the abo blood group, type a individual will produce which antibodies? - -anti-b antibodies Biology 202 Biology 202 The rh blood group is important to study during which scenario? - -pregnancy What part of the body does not drain into the thoracic duct? - -right arm Where do t cells mature? - -thymus gland Which part of the lymphatic system phagocytizes worn-out rbc's? - -spleen Where are the peyer's patches located? - -small intestines Which antibody is found in mucous secretions? - -iga Which antibody is associated with allergic reactions? - -ige What cell slows down the activity of b and t cells? - -suppressor t cells What type of immunity is a mother breastfeeding her baby? - -natural passive immunity Which immunity involves b cells? - -humoral immunity What chemical is found in tears and saliva and attacks bacteria? - -lysozymes Deoxygenated blood leaves the hear to go to the lungs via the... - -pulmonary arteries The "endothelium" is part of which blood vessel layer? - -tunica intima What is the condition in which cardiac muscle tissue is damaged due to a blockage of blood flow - -myocardial infarction What is the factor that converts fibrinogen into fibrin? - -thrombin What blood type contains b antigens and anti-a antibodies? - -type b When blood plasma does not contain clotting factors, it is called... - -serum __________ produces antibodies. - -b lymphocytes Which wbcs differentiate into macrophages? - -monocytes Which type of cells are infected in aids patients? - -t lymphocytes A depression where blood vessels, nerves, etc. Enter an organ is called a(n)... - -hilum Immunoglobulin _____ is found on surface of b lymphocytes. - -igd Biology 202 Biology 202 Biology 202 Lacteals absorb... - -lipids Partitions in lymph nodes are made by... - -trabeculae One complete systole and diastole episode in the heart is called a. - -a cardiac cycle Blood vessels that are only one rbc thick are called... - -capillaries __________ fight intracellular viruses - -cytotoxic t lymphocytes Function of cardiovascular system - -1. To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body 2. To protect the body from infection and blood loss 3. To help the body maintain a constant body temperature ('thermoregulation') 4. To help maintain fluid balance within the body Layers of pericardial sac - -fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium Layers of the heart wall - -epicardium, myocardium, endocardium Chambers of the heart - -right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle The great vessels of the heart - -ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava. Valves of the heart - -tricuspid valve, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid or mitral valve, aortic semilunar valve Explain the blood flow through the heart - -superior & inferior vena cava to rt atrium through tricuspid valve to rt ventricle through pulminary semilunar valve to pulminary arteries to lungs back to heart through pulminary veins to lft atrium through mitral (bicuspid) valve to lft venrtricle through aortic semilunar valve ---systemic circulation Explain the process of cardiac conduction sysytem - -the sino-atrial (sa) node The atrio-ventricular (av) node The bundle of his The left and right bundle branches The purkinje fibers Transport high pressure blood from heart to smaller arteries and arterioles - -arteries Connect arteries and capillaries - -arterioles Transports low-pressure blood from venules to heart - -veins Biology 202 Biology 202 Connects a capillary to a vein - -venule Allows gas exchange, nutrient transfer and waste removal between blood and tissue - capillaries Blood vessels, except the smallest ones, are made of three layers: - -the tunica interna, tunica media and tunica externa (or adventitia). Systemic circulation - -the branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via the veins. Pulmonary circulation - -circulation of bloo