ISSA BODYBUILDING SPECIALIST WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025-2026
Reciprocal Innervation - When a prime mover muscle (or group of muscles) contracts, the opposing
muscle (or group) relaxes.
myofilaments - The elements of the muscle that shorten upon contraction.
Myosin - Short, thick filaments that make up part of myofilaments.
Actin - Long, thin filaments that make up part of myofilaments.
Myofibrils - small bundles of myofilaments
sliding filament theory - This theory states that a myofibril contracts by the actin and myosin filaments
sliding over each other. Chemical bonds and receptor sites on the myofilaments attract each other,
allowing the contraction to be held until fatigue interferes.
-
Satelitte Cells - non-contractile muscle cells that help support or bulwark the tenuous IIx fibers
myoglobin - a protein found in your striated muscles and its main function is to supply oxygen to the
cells of your muscles (myocytes).
connective tissue - connect muscle to bones and to connect joints together
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, cartilage - It is found at the ends of ribs, between vertebral discs, at joint surfaces, and in the nose and
ears
hypertrophy - Muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in size of skeletal muscle through a growth in
size of its component cells
plantar flexion - bends the foot downward at the ankle
dorsal flexion - movement of top of foot toward anterior tibia bone
mechanical advantage - this refers to the amount of resistance overcome in proportion to the amount of
effort expended - the amount of work actually being put in
physiological advantage - muscles ability to shorten - greatest length to get the greatest shorten length
prime mover - muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
antagonist mover - produce movement in the opposite direction
muscle on the opposite side of the joint and must relax to allow the primer mover to contract
helper synergist - Contraction directly assists the Agonist, but muscle is not considered one of the
"prime movers"
2 muscles are helping synergists when they cancel each other's normal movement, allowing the desired
movement to occur
inertia - The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion - inactivity
This study source was downloaded by 100000899564701 from CourseHero.com on 06-11-2025 12:40:58 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/243995838/ISSA-BODYBUILDING-SPECIALIST-WITH-COMPLETE-QUESTIONS-AND-ANSWERS-2025-2026docx/
2025-2026
Reciprocal Innervation - When a prime mover muscle (or group of muscles) contracts, the opposing
muscle (or group) relaxes.
myofilaments - The elements of the muscle that shorten upon contraction.
Myosin - Short, thick filaments that make up part of myofilaments.
Actin - Long, thin filaments that make up part of myofilaments.
Myofibrils - small bundles of myofilaments
sliding filament theory - This theory states that a myofibril contracts by the actin and myosin filaments
sliding over each other. Chemical bonds and receptor sites on the myofilaments attract each other,
allowing the contraction to be held until fatigue interferes.
-
Satelitte Cells - non-contractile muscle cells that help support or bulwark the tenuous IIx fibers
myoglobin - a protein found in your striated muscles and its main function is to supply oxygen to the
cells of your muscles (myocytes).
connective tissue - connect muscle to bones and to connect joints together
This study source was downloaded by 100000899564701 from CourseHero.com on 06-11-2025 12:40:58 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/243995838/ISSA-BODYBUILDING-SPECIALIST-WITH-COMPLETE-QUESTIONS-AND-ANSWERS-2025-2026docx/
, cartilage - It is found at the ends of ribs, between vertebral discs, at joint surfaces, and in the nose and
ears
hypertrophy - Muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in size of skeletal muscle through a growth in
size of its component cells
plantar flexion - bends the foot downward at the ankle
dorsal flexion - movement of top of foot toward anterior tibia bone
mechanical advantage - this refers to the amount of resistance overcome in proportion to the amount of
effort expended - the amount of work actually being put in
physiological advantage - muscles ability to shorten - greatest length to get the greatest shorten length
prime mover - muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
antagonist mover - produce movement in the opposite direction
muscle on the opposite side of the joint and must relax to allow the primer mover to contract
helper synergist - Contraction directly assists the Agonist, but muscle is not considered one of the
"prime movers"
2 muscles are helping synergists when they cancel each other's normal movement, allowing the desired
movement to occur
inertia - The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion - inactivity
This study source was downloaded by 100000899564701 from CourseHero.com on 06-11-2025 12:40:58 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/243995838/ISSA-BODYBUILDING-SPECIALIST-WITH-COMPLETE-QUESTIONS-AND-ANSWERS-2025-2026docx/
