MA 700 Study Outlines #1
What three process does food undergo in the body? - answer• Digestion
• Absorption
• Metabolism
What is ingestion? - answerThe first activity of the digestive system is to take in food
What is mechanical digestion? - answerThe large pieces of food that are ingested have
to be broken into smaller particles that can be acted on by various enzymes.
What is chemical digestion? - answerThe complex molecules of carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats are transformed by chemical digestion into smaller molecules that can
be absorbed and used by the cells.
What is deglutition? (Swallowing) - answerAfter ingestion and mastication, the food
particles move from the mouth into the pharynx and then into the esophagus
What is peristalsis? - answerThe movements that propel the food particles through the
digestive tract
What is absorption? - answerThe simple molecules that are produced from chemical
digestion pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood.
What is defecation? - answerThe removal of indigestible wastes through the anus, in
the form of feces
What is the function of the lips and cheeks when eating? - answerThe lips and cheeks
help to hold food in the mouth and keep it in place for chewing. They are also used in
the formation of words for speech.
What are the main components of the cheek? - answerare the buccinator muscle and
other muscles of facial expression.
On the outside, the muscles are covered by skin and subcutaneous tissue.
What is the palate? - answeris the roof of the oral cavity. It separates the oral cavity
from the nasal cavity
What is the lingual frenulum? - answerThe anterior portion is relatively free but is
connected to the floor of the mouth, in the midline, by a membranous fold of tissue
,What are papillae and what do they do? - answerThe dorsal surface of the tongue is
covered by tiny projections
they provide friction for manipulating food in the mouth, and they also contain the taste
buds
What are the two sets of teeth that develop in the mouth? - answerthe primary or
deciduous teeth
Primary teeth contain how many teeth total? - answercontain 10 teeth in each jaw for a
total of 20 teeth.
Secondary teeth contain how many teeth total? - answerThis set contains 16 teeth in
each jaw for a total of 32 teeth.
What is the purpose of the incisors? - answerincisors are chisel shaped and have sharp
edges for biting food.
What is the purpose of the cuspids? - answer(canines) are cone shaped and have
points for grasping and tearing food.
What is the purpose of the bicuspids? - answer(premolars) and molars have flat
surfaces with rounded projections for crushing and grinding.
What is contained in the upper region of the pharynx? - answerIt contains the
pharyngeal tonsils, also known as the adenoids.
What is contained in the middle region of the pharynx? What does it open into? -
answerThe nasopharynx functions as a passageway for air but has no function in the
digestive system.
This is the region food enters when it is swallowed. The opening from the oral cavity into
the oropharynx is called the fauces.
What is contained in the lower region of the pharynx? What does it open into? -
answerMasses of lymphoid tissue, the palatine tonsils, are near the fauces.
is the laryngopharynx. The laryngopharynx opens into both the esophagus and the
larynx.
What is the function of the esophagus? - answerit serves as a passageway for food
between the pharynx and stomach.
What is the purpose of the pyloric sphincter? - answeracts as a valve between the
stomach and small intestine.
, What type of acid is found in the stomach? - answerhydrochloric acid
How is chyme created? - answerThe churning action of the muscles in the stomach wall
breaks the food particles of the bolus that was swallowed into smaller sizes and mixes
them with the gastric juice.
How many hours does it take for the stomach to empty a meal? - answerwithin 4 hours
after
What is the function of the small intestine? - answerfinishing the process of digestion;
absorbing the nutrients; and passing the residue on to the large intestine.
What are the three regions of the small intestine? What is the function of each part? -
answer(1st) The duodenum- receives the chyme from the stomach and secretions from
the liver and pancreas.
(2nd) The jejunum- helps further digestion coming from the stomach. It absorbs
nutrients and water from the food.
(3rd) The Ileum- if functions, the same as the jejunum no differences
Colon What portions is the colon divided into? - answerdivided into ascending,
transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions.
What are the main components of bile? - answerare water, bile salts, bile pigments, and
cholesterol.
What is bilirubin? - answerThey are responsible for the color of the urine and feces
What is the gallbladder? - answeris a pear-shaped sac that is attached to the liver by
the cystic duct
What is the principal function of the gallbladder? - answerstore and concentrate bile
What stimulates the gallbladder to contract and the sphincter to open? - answerthe
hormone cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder
Absorption takes place along the entire length of the small intestine, but what part does
it mainly take place? - answerin the jejunum
What are the benefits of good nutrition? - answer• Supports good physical and mental
well-being
• Helps maintain a healthy weight
What three process does food undergo in the body? - answer• Digestion
• Absorption
• Metabolism
What is ingestion? - answerThe first activity of the digestive system is to take in food
What is mechanical digestion? - answerThe large pieces of food that are ingested have
to be broken into smaller particles that can be acted on by various enzymes.
What is chemical digestion? - answerThe complex molecules of carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats are transformed by chemical digestion into smaller molecules that can
be absorbed and used by the cells.
What is deglutition? (Swallowing) - answerAfter ingestion and mastication, the food
particles move from the mouth into the pharynx and then into the esophagus
What is peristalsis? - answerThe movements that propel the food particles through the
digestive tract
What is absorption? - answerThe simple molecules that are produced from chemical
digestion pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood.
What is defecation? - answerThe removal of indigestible wastes through the anus, in
the form of feces
What is the function of the lips and cheeks when eating? - answerThe lips and cheeks
help to hold food in the mouth and keep it in place for chewing. They are also used in
the formation of words for speech.
What are the main components of the cheek? - answerare the buccinator muscle and
other muscles of facial expression.
On the outside, the muscles are covered by skin and subcutaneous tissue.
What is the palate? - answeris the roof of the oral cavity. It separates the oral cavity
from the nasal cavity
What is the lingual frenulum? - answerThe anterior portion is relatively free but is
connected to the floor of the mouth, in the midline, by a membranous fold of tissue
,What are papillae and what do they do? - answerThe dorsal surface of the tongue is
covered by tiny projections
they provide friction for manipulating food in the mouth, and they also contain the taste
buds
What are the two sets of teeth that develop in the mouth? - answerthe primary or
deciduous teeth
Primary teeth contain how many teeth total? - answercontain 10 teeth in each jaw for a
total of 20 teeth.
Secondary teeth contain how many teeth total? - answerThis set contains 16 teeth in
each jaw for a total of 32 teeth.
What is the purpose of the incisors? - answerincisors are chisel shaped and have sharp
edges for biting food.
What is the purpose of the cuspids? - answer(canines) are cone shaped and have
points for grasping and tearing food.
What is the purpose of the bicuspids? - answer(premolars) and molars have flat
surfaces with rounded projections for crushing and grinding.
What is contained in the upper region of the pharynx? - answerIt contains the
pharyngeal tonsils, also known as the adenoids.
What is contained in the middle region of the pharynx? What does it open into? -
answerThe nasopharynx functions as a passageway for air but has no function in the
digestive system.
This is the region food enters when it is swallowed. The opening from the oral cavity into
the oropharynx is called the fauces.
What is contained in the lower region of the pharynx? What does it open into? -
answerMasses of lymphoid tissue, the palatine tonsils, are near the fauces.
is the laryngopharynx. The laryngopharynx opens into both the esophagus and the
larynx.
What is the function of the esophagus? - answerit serves as a passageway for food
between the pharynx and stomach.
What is the purpose of the pyloric sphincter? - answeracts as a valve between the
stomach and small intestine.
, What type of acid is found in the stomach? - answerhydrochloric acid
How is chyme created? - answerThe churning action of the muscles in the stomach wall
breaks the food particles of the bolus that was swallowed into smaller sizes and mixes
them with the gastric juice.
How many hours does it take for the stomach to empty a meal? - answerwithin 4 hours
after
What is the function of the small intestine? - answerfinishing the process of digestion;
absorbing the nutrients; and passing the residue on to the large intestine.
What are the three regions of the small intestine? What is the function of each part? -
answer(1st) The duodenum- receives the chyme from the stomach and secretions from
the liver and pancreas.
(2nd) The jejunum- helps further digestion coming from the stomach. It absorbs
nutrients and water from the food.
(3rd) The Ileum- if functions, the same as the jejunum no differences
Colon What portions is the colon divided into? - answerdivided into ascending,
transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions.
What are the main components of bile? - answerare water, bile salts, bile pigments, and
cholesterol.
What is bilirubin? - answerThey are responsible for the color of the urine and feces
What is the gallbladder? - answeris a pear-shaped sac that is attached to the liver by
the cystic duct
What is the principal function of the gallbladder? - answerstore and concentrate bile
What stimulates the gallbladder to contract and the sphincter to open? - answerthe
hormone cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder
Absorption takes place along the entire length of the small intestine, but what part does
it mainly take place? - answerin the jejunum
What are the benefits of good nutrition? - answer• Supports good physical and mental
well-being
• Helps maintain a healthy weight
